periodic table

Question 1

what is the structure of the atom

Answer 1

The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged).

Question 2

what is a proton? what size is it? where can it be found?

Answer 2

positively charged particle, smallest subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

what is a neutron? what size is it? where can it be found?

Answer 3

neutrally charged particle or particle with no charge, heavey and weighs the most, found in nucleus of an atom

Question 4

what is an electron? what size is it? where can it be found?

Answer 4

negatively charged particle, weighs the least, found in the shells of an atom

Question 5

The electron configuration of Hydrogen

Answer 5

1

Question 6

The electron configuration of Helium

Answer 6

2

Question 7

The electron configuration of Lithium

Answer 7

2, 1

Question 8

The electron configuration of Beryllium

Answer 8

2, 2

Question 9

The electron configuration of Boron

Answer 9

2, 3

Question 10

The electron configuration of Carbon

Answer 10

2, 4

Question 11

The electron configuration of Nitrogen

Answer 11

2, 5

Question 12

The electron configuration of Oxygen

Answer 12

2,6

Question 13

The electron configuration of Fluorine

Answer 13

2,7

Question 14

The electron configuration of Neon

Answer 14

2,8

Question 15

The electron configuration of Sodium

Answer 15

2, 8, 1

Question 16

The electron configuration of Magnesium

Answer 16

2, 8, 2

Question 17

The electron configuration of Aluminum

Answer 17

2, 8, 3

Question 18

The electron configuration of Silicon

Answer 18

2, 8, 4

Question 19

The electron configuration of Phosphorus

Answer 19

2, 8, 5

Question 20

The electron configuration of Sulfur

Answer 20

2, 8, 6

Question 21

The electron configuration of Chlorine

Answer 21

2, 8, 7

Question 22

The electron configuration of Argon

Answer 22

2, 8, 8

Question 23

The electron configuration of Potassium

Answer 23

2, 8, 8, 1

Question 24

The electron configuration of Calcium

Answer 24

2, 8, 8, 2

Question 25

groups

Answer 25

vertical

Question 26

periods

Answer 26

horizontal

Question 27

What is common among elements in the same group?

Answer 27

They have the same number of valence electrons

as a result, they will all have the same chemical reactivity.

Question 28

What is common among elements in the same period?

Answer 28

have the same number of shells

Question 29

What are isotopes?

Answer 29

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. They have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes can also be stable or unstable. Unstable isotopes decay to form other elements.

Question 30

What causes radioactivity to emit from isotopes?

Answer 30

when an isotope is unstable it becomes radioactive and is called radioisotopes. can be emitted naturally or artificially.

Question 31

The number of natural isotopes which exist.

Answer 31

around 50

Question 32

Calculation of the half-life of an isotope < half-life of an isotope

Answer 32

Half-life is the time it takes for a substance to reduce to half of its initial amount. The nuclei of different radioactive substances decay at different rates. - the amount of time for an isotope to become half of its original amount. example half-life of strontium-90 is 28 years. This means that if you start with 1000g of strontium-90, after 28 years, you’ll have 500g.

Question 33

what are alpha particles? what is alpha decay?

Answer 33

an alpha particle is a cluster of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, it is heavy and moves slow. alpha decay is when a nucleus ejects an alpha particle, once this happens the original atom turns into a new atom. as an alpha particle is quite big it cannot go through things and bounces off objects and people.

Question 34

what are beta particles? what is beta decay?

Answer 34

beta particles are very small and negatively charged. beta decay is when the nucleus ejects a beta particle. the original atom changes from being negatively charged to positively charged when this happens, changing the atomic number by 1 and forming a new element. beta particles can go through many objects and people but can’t go through aluiminum

Question 35

what are gamma rays? what is gamma decay?

Answer 35

gamma rays are a ray of light, it is very small and moves very fast. it can go through most things but can’t go through lead. gamma decay is when a nucleus ejects a gamma-ray, when this happens the protons and neutrons in the original atom rearrange themself inside the nucleus

Question 36

Valencies of the groups of the periodic table.

Answer 36

group 1 = 1 
group 2 = 2
group 3 - 12 = 2
group 13 = 3
group 14 = 4
group 15 = 5
group 16 = 6
group 17 = 7
group 18 = 8

Question 37

cations

Answer 37

positively charged

Question 38

anions

Answer 38

negatively charged

Question 39

How to combine cations (positive charge) with anions (negative charge) to create a compound (drop & swap method).

Answer 39

write down the charge of each element, cross them over, don’t write down the ones, put brackets around elements with brackets excluding the charge from the brackets

Question 40

How to name different compounds

Answer 40

writing the name of the cation first followed by the name of the anion.

Question 41

covalent bond

Answer 41

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.

Question 42

ionic bond

Answer 42

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. throwing out the valence electrons to get 8 in the valence shell.