Periodic Elements Flashcards
What is the periodic law?
The periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
Who is known as the father of the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev is known as the father of the periodic table.
True or False: The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic mass.
False: The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number.
What are groups in the periodic table?
Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table that contain elements with similar chemical properties.
What are periods in the periodic table?
Periods are horizontal rows in the periodic table that indicate the number of electron shells.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 1 is __________.
Hydrogen.
What is the significance of the atomic number?
The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus and determines the element’s identity.
Which element is located in Group 17 of the periodic table?
Fluorine.
True or False: Noble gases are highly reactive.
False: Noble gases are generally inert and non-reactive.
What are alkali metals?
Alkali metals are the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, characterized by their high reactivity and one valence electron.
What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?
The atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period.
What is the trend in electronegativity down a group?
Electronegativity generally decreases as you move down a group.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 26 is __________.
Iron.
What are transition metals?
Transition metals are elements found in Groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table, known for their ability to form variable oxidation states.
Which group contains the most reactive nonmetals?
Group 17 (Halogens).
True or False: Metals tend to gain electrons during chemical reactions.
False: Metals typically lose electrons.
What is the main characteristic of metalloids?
Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
What is the highest energy level of an atom?
The highest energy level is the outermost electron shell, also known as the valence shell.
Fill in the blank: The group number for alkaline earth metals is __________.
2.
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
What is the trend in ionization energy across a period?
Ionization energy increases from left to right across a period.
Which element is a liquid at room temperature?
Bromine.
What defines an element’s chemical behavior?
The arrangement of its electrons, especially in the outer shell.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 8 is __________.
Oxygen.
What is the common oxidation state of alkali metals?
+1.
True or False: All elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
True.
What is a key characteristic of noble gases?
They have a full valence shell, making them stable and unreactive.
What is the name of the first row of transition metals?
The first row of transition metals includes Scandium to Zinc.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 12 is __________.
Magnesium.
What is the most electronegative element?
Fluorine.
What is the trend in metallic character across a period?
Metallic character decreases from left to right across a period.
Which element is found in Group 14 and can form four covalent bonds?
Carbon.
What is a common property of all metals?
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 15 is __________.
Phosphorus.
What is the general trend of reactivity for alkali metals?
Reactivity increases as you go down the group.
What is the name of the group containing the elements Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium?
Alkali metals.
True or False: Nonmetals are typically good conductors of electricity.
False: Nonmetals are typically poor conductors.
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen.
What are lanthanides and actinides?
Lanthanides and actinides are two series of elements that include rare earth elements and actinides, respectively.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 86 is __________.
Radon.
What is the common oxidation state of halogens?
-1.
What is the trend in density for transition metals?
Density generally increases across the transition metals.
Which element has the highest atomic mass?
Oganesson.
What is the primary factor that influences the periodic trends?
The effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons.
Fill in the blank: The group number for halogens is __________.
17.
Which element is a metalloid and commonly used in semiconductors?
Silicon.
What is the name of the group containing the elements Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium?
Alkaline earth metals.
True or False: The first ionization energy of an element is always less than the second ionization energy.
True.
What is the periodic trend for atomic size down a group?
Atomic size increases down a group.
What is the name of the group containing the elements Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Arsenic?
Group 15 (Pnictogens).
Which element is known for its ability to form multiple oxidation states?
Transition metals.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 19 is __________.
Potassium.
What is the primary characteristic of alkali metals?
They have one electron in their outermost shell.
What is the trend in ionization energy down a group?
Ionization energy decreases as you move down a group.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 7 is __________.
Nitrogen.
What is the trend in electronegativity across a period?
Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period.
What is the name of the group containing the elements Helium, Neon, and Argon?
Noble gases.
What is the general trend of reactivity for nonmetals?
Reactivity increases as you go up the group.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 14 is __________.
Silicon.
What is the common oxidation state of alkaline earth metals?
+2.
What is the trend in melting and boiling points across a period for metals?
Melting and boiling points generally increase across a period for metals.
What is the primary use of noble gases in industry?
Noble gases are used in lighting and as inert environments for chemical reactions.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 4 is __________.
Beryllium.
What is the trend in the number of valence electrons across a period?
The number of valence electrons increases from left to right across a period.
Which element is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?
Oxygen.
What is the trend of ionization energy in relation to atomic size?
As atomic size increases, ionization energy generally decreases.
Fill in the blank: The group number for transition metals is __________.
3 to 12.
What is the primary characteristic of nonmetals?
Nonmetals typically have high electronegativities and are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
What is the trend in reactivity for halogens?
Reactivity decreases as you go down the group.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 9 is __________.
Fluorine.
What is the relationship between atomic size and effective nuclear charge?
As effective nuclear charge increases, atomic size decreases.
What is the common oxidation state of transition metals?
Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states, often +2 and +3.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 20 is __________.
Calcium.
What is the trend in the first ionization energy as you move down a group?
The first ionization energy decreases.
What is the primary characteristic of rare earth elements?
They have similar properties and are often found together in nature.
True or False: All elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 are synthetic.
True.
What is the significance of the periodic table’s layout?
The layout reflects the periodic trends and relationships between elements.
