period vii list--> sherblom (ch 27-36)

Question 1

Great Rapprochement

Answer 1

The world had been changing as the US was going through changes to an industrial & imperial power. They strived for similar interests & goals, so this would describe a fundamental shift in the relationship between Britain & the US. Britain viewed & valued the US as a democratic ally at the time when the balance of power in the EU was impacted by Russia & Germany.

Question 2

U.S.S Maine

Answer 2

This is a US military ship that would be in the Havana Port in Cuba, it would watch over them since the Cubans were revolting against Spain. The Cubans wished to have their freedom; Spain would not have that and would send troops to stop it. It was ‘mysteriously’ blown up, yellow journalism helped circulate the idea that Spain ( who Cuba was revolting against) blew it up. This would spike the nation’s interest in going to war.

Question 3

Teller Amendment

Answer 3

Cuba was under Spain’s power. They eventually wished to be separate & demanded their independence. They began revolting by participating in destruction. Spain sent troops to stop them & since Cuba is near the US & yellow journalism boosted its press, the US began to become involved. This would be a proviso to President McKinley’s war plans when the US overthrew the Spanish rule, Cuba would receive their freedom.

Question 4

Rough Riders

Answer 4

These men were part of the invading army driving Spain out of Cuba; organized by Teddy Roosevelt, it was a regiment of Cuban war volunteers. With their help, they help succeed in the Spaniards steamed out of the harbor.

Question 5

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 5

This was after the Open-Door note (allowing the US to expand its markets for industrialized goods. It created trade opportunities), it would be an uprising in China including the patriotic group: the Boxer, they were directed toward foreign influence & try to close the China door.

Question 6

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 6

Since the intervention between Cuba revolting against Spain & Americans feeling sympathy for Cubans (Spain-American War), this was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine, it would stipulate the US retain the right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American Nations in order to restore military & economic order.

Question 7

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 7

(1901-12) Roosevelt was a Republican that would introduce the ‘Big Stick’ approach when it came to imperialism. He wished to increase the economic & political stature, & strived for a stronger military. He served two terms as president. He also created the Square Deal where he tackled corporations, consumer protection, & conservation of the environment.

Question 8

Social Gospel

Answer 8

This stemmed from the rapid urbanization & industrialization (Gilded Age ), there would be an increase of poor individuals. It was a movement meant to help those who were disadvantaged. It was built after the belief that God would want to look after those who suffer from the dark sides of progression.

Question 9

Muckrackers

Answer 9

The conditions & effects of the Gilded Age were overlooked. The conditions of the working environment are poor such as workers getting overworked & the products being unsanitary. These individuals were investigative reporters who would write magazines or other writers exposing these conditions. This promoted social & political reform in corrupted urban areas.

Question 10

New Freedom

Answer 10

This was advocated by Woodrow Wilson, including stronger antitrust legislation to protect small businesses enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, & tariff reductions. They took actions by increasing opportunities for capitist competition rather than increasing govt regulation of large trusts.

Question 11

Federal Reserve Act

Answer 11

The country’s financial structure was slowly dwindling as exposed through the panic of 1907. Wilson introduced the ‘triple wall of privilege” that tackled tariffs, banks, & trusts. The second banking reform. This act established 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks & its board which appoint regulating banking & create stability on a national scale in the banking sector.

Question 12

Lusitania

Answer 12

This was leading up to World War I, as the Germans surrounded Europe with their U-boats (submarines). They would attack & bring down European boats. The Germans claimed they would attempt to not attack boats with Americans, but broke this promise when attacking this British passenger with an estimated 100 Americans on board. This impacted the US’s tolerance & wanting to stay neutral & stay out of war.

Question 13

Workmen’s Compensation Act

Answer 13

This was yet another attempt at reform during the Progressive era, where the government took more on a stance & became more involved in citizens’ lives. This act would grant assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability. In addition, it restricted child labor products flowing into interstate commerce.

Question 14

Zimmermann Note

Answer 14

Germany made the decision to wage unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking all ships & putting Americans at risk, Wilson–despite wishing for peace– was on the verge of declaring war. German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann secretly sent a proposal to make an alliance with Mexico. He proposed that Germany would help them gain their ‘lost territories’ from the Mexican cession.

Question 15

Fourteen points

Answer 15

America entered WWI after the Germans waged their unrestricted submarine warfare, attacking all ships because it took too much time to differ between the boats. Wilson constructed this point system to ensure peace after the war; calling for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self-determination, and a new league of nations.

Question 16

League of Nations

Answer 16

The US, Britain, France, & Italy fought against Germany & claimed victory. There was a disagreement on what to do after the war & what would be the consequence. Wilson led the Paris Conference, hoping to create the league of nations. It would contain an assembly with seats for all nations and a council to be controlled by the great powers. Wilson envisioned it as a way to prevent future world wars,

Question 17

Schenck V US

Answer 17

The Committee on Public Information was formed by Goerge Creel to win the support of the war effort. A hysteria against Germans ensued. There was a series of acts that would follow to restrict freedom of speech. Any kind of criticism would be censored and or punished, this case would uphold its legality. It argued that freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech endangers the country.

Question 18

19th amendment

Answer 18

For decades feminists (primarily women) had been fighting for their rights. They formed unions such as the National Women’s Party or the National American Women Suffrage Association to be a big component of the suffrage movement. The war helped push them forward as women would take men’s places as they fought, & Wilson granted the 19th amendment in return; giving all American women the right to vote.

Question 19

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 19

France signed this treaty along with the other two (Britain & Italy) to put all blame on the Germans for the war & make them pay for their reputations & forcing disarmament. Germans were outraged by this, as for Wilson because it didn’t include most of his points. He compromised with the 14v points.

Question 20

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 20

The roaring twenties made an appearance with Americans having the courage to try out a variety of things after the war. This would bring a variety of new innovations, new ways of thinking, & overall trying to improve & expand American lives. This would be a creative outpour of African American writers, jazz musicians, & social thinkers that would come together & celebrate black culture.

Question 21

Fundamentalism

Answer 21

The roaring twenties was a time of new innovations, including new ways of thinking after the war. Fundamentalists were trying to reconcile science into their beliefs & would take the literal meaning from the bible, remaining in the spiritual belief system.

Question 22

Modernism

Answer 22

The roaring twenties was a time of new innovations, including new ways of thinking after the war. This was more of a philosophical movement, where it responded to the demands of modern society, it was an artistic & cultural movement that revolted against old standards.

Question 23

United Negro Improvement Association

Answer 23

Jim Crow laws prompted the majority of the black population to move from rural southern states up northward (Great Migration). Their state laws would restrict them from getting jobs or even voting. The north provided them with new opportunities, including a new racial pride. It was founded to promote the resettlement of black people to their ‘African household” & providing financial support.

Question 24

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 24

The Bolshevik Revolution & the red scare swept the entire nation in hysteria & questioned citizens’ Americanism. Criminal syndicalism outlawed the advocacy of violence for social change. Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti was a court case with them being convicted of murder & by the judge being prejudiced against them due to them being foreign, atheists, & anarchists.

Question 25

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 25

The Great Depression officially started after the Hawley Smoot Tariff, causing poverty to increase, increased employment, & banks getting removed. This was under Hoover’s leadership, attempting to soothe the blow of the G. D, he had the trickling down philosophy. Congress got around $2.5 billion to start working towards it & passing this to become a government lending bank. It would assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, & local governments.

Question 26

Hawley Smoot Tariff

Answer 26

The Great Depression had begun. It formed because wage earners & framers were not gaining profit in their growing economy. Congress wished & attempted to help with the Agricultural Marketing Act but failed due to overproduction on the farmers’ behalf. This tariff was meant to be light, but congress attached several amendments to it & raising it up to 60%; deepening the nation into a depression.

Question 27

New Deal

Answer 27

The nation had sunk into a deep depression due to the farmers’ overproducing products. They were originally not having trouble getting profit. So when Congress tried to help, that made it worse. Franklin Roosevelt was elected president. He appointed this aiming to provide relief for the unemployed & launching efforts to stabilize the economy.

Question 28

Neutrality Acts

Answer 28

Another World War was in effect in the Eastern Hemisphere with China being invaded by Japan & dictators taking over & increasing their power as they invade other European nations. The US was dealing with its ongoing economic depression, and entering the war would possibly deepen its economy. These acts would state that if the president acknowledged the war, certain restrictions would be put into place such as no sailing, selling or transporting goods, or giving them loans.

Question 29

Appeasement

Answer 29

Dictators such as Adolf Hitler emerged & wished to spread his power among other western democracies. He would do this by invading other nations, one being Austria. Leaders from Britain & France met at a conference in Mulch for the purpose of avoiding war, allowing Germany to take Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

Question 30

Lend Lease Bill

Answer 30

A war was creeping closer & closer with Hitler taking over most of the western nations. He slowly spread into France, taking over them completely just leaving Britain. Americans felt that they had too much to lose especially with trade, but besides that, they began to feel sympathy for them. This pushed America to become more involved. This bill was passed abandoning former neutrality acts by allowing Americans to sell unlimited supplies of arms to any nation defending itself from the Axis powers.

Question 31

Pearl Harbor

Answer 31

Hilter had invaded & captured France, and America & Britain went into a panic & met to discuss their attack on Germany. Japan, who was at war with China years prior, allied with Germany/ Hilter in September 1940; however, they depended on America’s goods & needed to trade. America made a deal with them that they would lift the embargo if ceased the war with China & refused. Happening on December 7, 1941, they launched a bomb on Pearl Harbor (located in Hawaii, a naval base), causing numerous fatalities.

Question 32

Kristallnacht

Answer 32

Totalitarianism took like when people like Adolf Hitler overthrew the German government. He targeted those who are different from the ‘superior race’, targeting Jewish individuals. He attempted to erase their identity by referring to them by only numbers, putting them into concentration camps where they were given torture, gas chambers were involved, & the list may go on & on. In the German translation, “the knight of broken glass”; [11/9/28] This was a murderous program that targeted & destroyed Jewish businesses & synagogues & sending thousands of Jewish individuals into concentration camps. Some were able to escape & took refuge in the US. However, they were turned away due to strict immigration laws.

Question 33

Manhattan Project

Answer 33

As promised, when the US entered the war, the Allied Powers targeted Germany (Hilter) first. They claimed victory shortly after Hitler committed suicide, and they surrendered. After Germany, they turned their attention to Japan, which was relentless. This project served as a cover for the American commission to acquire an atomic bomb. They used those bombs on two of Japan’s cities, hoping that Japan would surrender and end the war.

Question 34

Potsdam Conference

Answer 34

Japan pushed them into the war due to the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, showing their refusal to cease war with China. The US, Soviet Union, & Britain targeted Germany. Slowly but surely, the Germans were getting tired, they lost their dictator, & surrendered. Next up was Japan attacking China. In Berlin, the Allied Power leader (Truman, Stalin, & Churchill, and later Attlee) met to deliver the choice for the Japanese; surrender or be destroyed.