Period Table And The Atom Flashcards
Isotope
Atom of same element with different number of neutrons
Atom
All substances are made of atoms, smallest part of element that can exist, has radius of about 0.1 nm (1 x 10-10 m), radius of nucleus is less than 1/10,000 of that of atom (1 x 10-14 m), nearly all of mass of atom is in nucleus, has no overall electrical charge
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits nucleus of atom at fixed distances in electron shells, relative mass is very small, relative charge is -1
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle found in nucleus of atom, relative mass is 1, relative charge is +1, atoms of same element have same number of protons + vice versa
Neutron
Neutral subatomic particle, so relative charge is 0, + makes up nucleus of every atom along with protons, relative mass is 1
Mass number
Sum of protons + neutrons in atom
Atomic number
Number of protons/electrons in atom of element as number of protons in nucleus = number of electrons
Relative atomic mass
Average value that takes account of abundance of isotopes of the element
Metal
Elements that react to form positive ions
Non-metals
Elements that react to form negative ions
Reactivity Series
Reactivity of metal is related to its tendency to form positive ions
Ion
Atom or group of atoms that has/have either lost or gained electrons, making it/them either positive (cation) or negative (anion)
Periodic Table
Elements in periodic table are arranged in order of atomic number so that elements with similar properties are in columns (groups), called periodic table as similar properties occur at regular intervals, elements in the same group have same number of outer electrons, which gives them similar chemical properties
Electronic structure of an atom
Electrons in atom occupy innermost available shells
