period table

Question 1

element

Answer 1

a substance that consists of only one type of atom and can’t be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical means

Question 2

malleable

Answer 2

can be hammered into shape

Question 3

ductile

Answer 3

can be drawn into wires

Question 4

sonorous

Answer 4

clangs when struck

Question 5

group

Answer 5

a vertical row in the period table

Question 6

period

Answer 6

a horizontal row in the period table

Question 7

displacement reaction

Answer 7

a reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound

Question 8

diatomic

Answer 8

two atoms covalent bonded in a molecule

Question 9

sublimation

Answer 9

the change of state from a solid directly into a gas when heated

Question 10

how did mendeleev arrange the elements

Answer 10

-in order of increasing atomic mass
-elements with similar properties kept in groups
-used creative thought and left gaps for undiscovered elements
-accurately predicted properties of undiscovered elements

Question 11

describe todays periodic table

Answer 11

-there are no spaces
-arranged in order of increasing atomic number
-has the noble gases
-the transition metals are grouped together in a separate block

Question 12

differences between mendeleev’s and todays period table

Answer 12

-mendeleevs was arranged in order of atomic mass, todays is in order of atomic number
-the modern has noble gases mendeleevs didn’t as they hadn’t been discovered
-todays has the transition metals block mendeleevs didn’t
-todays has lanthanides and actinides mendeleevs didn’t
-todays has more elements and no spaces

Question 13

how can you tell if it’s a solid liquid or gas for the meting and boiling points

Answer 13

-melting and boiling point above room temperature means it’s a solid
-melting point below room temperature and boiling point above room temperature means it’s a liquid
-melting and boiling point below room temperature means it’s a gas

Question 14

what’s the name of group 1 elements

Answer 14

alkali metals

Question 15

name of group 2 elements

Answer 15

alkaline earth metals

Question 16

name of group 7 elements

Answer 16

halogens

Question 17

name of group 8 elements

Answer 17

noble gases

Question 18

what does period number tell us

Answer 18

the number of shells of each atom in that period

Question 19

what does group 1 contain

Answer 19

-reactive metals
-all have one electron in their outer shell

Question 20

why are group one elements so reactive

Answer 20

-only have one electron in their outer shell
-they only need to lose one electron to gain a full outer shell and become more stable

Question 21

density of alkali metals

Answer 21

alkali metals have a low density and lithium sodium and potassium are less dense than water therefore when added to water they float on the surface

Question 22

storage of group 1 elements

Answer 22

stored in oil because they react with oxygen and moisture in the air

Question 23

what do alkali metals look like when cut

Answer 23

-can be cut easily with a knife
-initially shiny
-quickly tarnished with air

Question 24

safety precautions of alkali metals

Answer 24

-use small pieces of metal
-use a safety screen to prevent metal sparking out
-wear safety glasses
-handle with tweezers

Question 25

general reaction of alkali metals with water

Answer 25

metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 26

observation of lithium in water

Answer 26

-heat released -moves on water surface -bubbles -lithium disappears -colourless solution is produced

Question 27

observations of sodium in water

Answer 27

-heat released -melts into a tiny ball -moves on water surface -bubbles -sodium disappears -colourless solution produced

Question 28

observations of potassium and water

Answer 28

-lilac flame -melts into a tiny ball -moves on waters surface -bubbles -potassium disappears -colourless solution produced -heat released

Question 29

balanced equation of lithium with water

Answer 29

2Li+2H20 -> 2LiOH+H2

Question 30

balanced equation of sodium with water

Answer 30

2Na+2H2O -> 2NaOH+H2

Question 31

balanced equation of potassium and water

Answer 31

2K+ 2H2O -> 2KOH+H2

Question 32

what happens to reactivity when going down group 1

Answer 32

-reactivity increases -as group is descended the atoms get bigger -outer shell electron is further away from the nucleus so is easier to remove as outer negative electron is less attracted by positive nucleus

Question 33

what happens to group 1 metals when they react

Answer 33

-they lose their electron -they become an ion with a 1+ charge

Question 34

why do all group 1 metals react the same way

Answer 34

-they all have one electron in their outer shell -so they all have to lose 1 electron when react to form a 1+ ion

Question 35

colours of group 1 compounds

Answer 35

-all group 1 compounds form white solids -when they are dissolved they form colourless solutions

Question 36

what does group seven contain

Answer 36

-reactive non metals -all elements have seven electrons in their outer shell -all diatomic -all toxic and must be used in the fume cupboard

Question 37

physical properties of fluorine

Answer 37

-gas -yellow

Question 38

physical properties of chlorine

Answer 38

-gas -green

Question 39

physical properties of bromine

Answer 39

-liquid -red brown

Question 40

physical properties of iodine

Answer 40

-solid -grey

Question 41

what happens as you go down group seven

Answer 41

-higher melting/boiling points -atom size increases -reactivity decreases -colour gets darker

Question 42

physical properties of astatine

Answer 42

-solid -black

Question 43

why are group seven elements so reactive

Answer 43

-seven electrons in their outer shell -only need to gain one electron to get a full outer shell and become stable

Question 44

describe iodine in sublimation

Answer 44

-grey black crystals as a solid -purple vapour as a gas

Question 45

test for chlorine

Answer 45

-put damp litmus paper into a test tube -paper turns red then bleaches

Question 46

what happens to reactivity when going down group 7

Answer 46

-reactivity decreases -as group descends atoms get bigger -outer shell is further from positive nucleus so more difficult to attract an electron

Question 47

what happens to group 7 elements when they react

Answer 47

-name changed from ine to ide -they gain an electron -they become an ion with a 1- charge

Question 48

why do all group 7 elements react the same way

Answer 48

-they all have seven electrons in their outer shell -they all gain one electron when they react to form a 1- ion

Question 49

observations of chlorine with potassium bromide

Answer 49

colourless to orange

Question 50

observation of chlorine with potassium iodide

Answer 50

colourless to yellow/brown

Question 51

observations of bromine with potassium bromide

Answer 51

colourless to yellow/brown

Question 52

halogen displacement experiment method

Answer 52

-add 1cm cubed of chlorine water to two test tubes -add about same amount of potassium iodide to one and potassium bromide to the other -record any observations -repeat with bromine water (potassium chloride and iodide) -repeat with iodine (potassium chloride and bromide)

Question 53

noble gases properties

Answer 53

-colourless -inert

Question 54

what does inert mean

Answer 54

unreactive

Question 55

why are they so unreactive

Answer 55

they gave full outer shells so do not need to lose or gain any electrons to become more stable

Question 56

what happens to boiling point when going down the group

Answer 56

increase

Question 57

why do boiling points increase going down the group

Answer 57

the van der waal’s forces get stronger as you go down the group so more energy is needed to break apart the forces between atoms

Question 58

why are nobles gases’ boiling points low

Answer 58

-they are non metals and are monoatomic (exist as separate atoms not molecules) -this means they only have very weak Van der waals forces between their atoms -these require very little energy to break apart the atoms

Question 59

where are the transition metals

Answer 59

placed in a large block between group 2 and group 3

Question 60

properties of transition metals

Answer 60

-good conductors of heat and electricity -malleable -ductile -high melting points -usually hard and tough -high densities -they can form ions with different charges -their compounds are often coloured

Question 61

charge on ions of transition metals

Answer 61

variable charges

Question 62

transition metals reaction with water

Answer 62

slow

Question 63

group 1 metals reaction with water

Answer 63

very vigorous

Question 64

colour of compounds of transition metals

Answer 64

rust