Period Four 1800-1848

Question 1

What continued to happen following the revolution of 1800/Election of Thomas Jefferson?

Answer 1

Political debates such as tariffs, role of the government, and foreign relations

Jeffersonians: wanted to reduce power of government and while in office allowed Alien & Sedition Acts to expire as well as the 1st National Bank.

Question 2

What was John Adams role in the Midnight Judges? What happened to Marbury?

Answer 2

John Adams stayed up until the middle of the night of his last day as president to appoint new judges in the Supreme Court. He does this to ensure federalist power in at least one of the three branches of government (since the other two had been filled with Democratic Republicans).

Marbury is one of the Judges appointed but Jefferson withheld his commission once in office, so Marbury sues secretary of state, James Madison.

Question 3

How did Marbury v.s. Madison shift the Supreme Court’s power?

Answer 3

It gives the court more power through Judicial Review which gives them the right to declare a federal decision unconstitutional.

Question 4

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

Answer 4

It forbade exports from America but in turn hurt the American economy.(Congress passed this law in attempts to stop British impressment of American sailors)

Question 5

How was the Louisiana Territory obtained by the Americans in 1803?

Answer 5

Napoleon was dealing with a slave revolt in Haiti (as well as the Napoleonic wars) and needed some money to compensate for the war so he cheaply sold The Louisiana territory (through the Louisiana Purchase) to the Americans in hopes to gain it back later.

Jefferson believed the new land would be great to promote an agrarian economy.

Question 6

What replaced the Embargo Act in 1809, how was it different?

Answer 6

The Non-Intercourse Act
It strictly banned/limited trade with only France and Britain as a sign to stop them from interfering with American trade and to end British impressment.

Question 7

How did the Hartford Convention (1814) impact the Federalists and federal involvement itself?

Answer 7

It marks the “end” of the Federalist party but also proposed:
-3/5 Compromise is expunged
-a one term presidency
-60-day limit on trade embargos
-2/3 vote to declare war

Question 8

How did Tecumseh attempt to prevent American expansion?

Answer 8

He attempted to unite Natives and reject American culture. He almost succeeded; however, while he was away trying to unite more natives, William Henry Harrison defeated the prophet (Tecumseh’s brother) at the Battle of Tippecanoe. This then drove Tecumseh to an alliance with the British but he died on their lines in the War of 1812.

Question 9

What are some new innovations developed during the market revolution?

Answer 9

-Textiles (cotton goes hand-in-hand with this as it began to produce the resource used for creating textiles)
-Steam-powered engines
-Interchangeable parts
-Telegraph
-NEW TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS (first canals then eventually railroads)

Question 10

How did Factories impact the people?

Answer 10

-It grew the middle class
-Held more job opportunities for anyone and everyone
-Sparked the idea of a “self-made man”
-Lowell Mill Girls contained opportunities for women to participate in the labor force
-Many German and Irish immigrants migrated over to America and worked

Question 11

What are some examples of social life changing on response to the market revolution?

Answer 11

The rich separated themselves from others by clothing, housing, neighborhoods, and leisure activities.
There began a social push for a woman’s role in the home. (Cult of Domesticity)

Question 12

How did the federal government get involved with transportation?

Answer 12

They funded a National Road that went through Maryland to Illinois. Legislative and judicial systems supported this type of development
Built between 1811-1834

Question 13

What was the Erie Canal?

Answer 13

A canal that extended from Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It decreased cost in shipping and in turn created an economic boom for New York. It also increased profitability of farming in the Old Northwest

Question 14

What caused the war of 1812?

Answer 14

Partly due to British impressment of Americans but mostly due to western expansion

note: Natives sided with British in this war and Tecumseh served and died in it (along with him the idea of uniting the Natives for American resistance)

Question 15

What were some effects of the War of 1812?

Answer 15

-A treaty was signed to stop fighting and it restored conquered territory (Treaty of Ghent)
-An idea of unification amongst Natives to end American expansion
-a rise of nationalism amongst Americans
-American manufacturing rise as it cut off trade with Britain and American companies could begin to produce some things themselves
-tariff of 1816

Question 16

What plans were resurrected by Henry Clay?

Answer 16

Hamiltonian ideals of a protective tariff and national bank

Congress passed a Tariff of 1816 (the first protective tariff in American history) which was an attempt to stop imports from Britain in order to help American manufacturers stay in business

A second national bank was created in 1816 as well

Clay also proposed internal improvements to expand national transportation but was vetoed by Madison

He created what was known by 1824 as the American System which contained these three main points

Question 17

How did the Marshall Court influence the Supreme Court’s power?

Answer 17

The Supreme Court slowly began to gain power and especially with the Marshall Court they established a purpose of asserting federal laws (and how they outlaw states) but also determining the meaning of the Constitution they do this through several cases one being:
McCulloch v Maryland (Maryland was denied a right to tax a national institution–2nd Bank of US– if they were to do this the 2nd National Bank would run out of business