Period 7 (1898-1945)

Question 1

Origins of Progression

Answer 1

• who:
• what:
• when:
• where:
• why:

Question 2

Rooted in religion

Answer 2

• social change is often rooted in women and religion

-

Question 3

Muckrakers

Answer 3

• progressives that dig up dirt

- published stories in papers and magazines, educated public on corruption and gave guidance on how to fix it.

Question 4

Lewis Hine

Answer 4

exposed child labor

Question 5

Jacob Riis

Answer 5

• wrote “how the other half lives”
• took pictures of slums of New York City
• worked to improve conditions of immigrants and building parks and schools.

Question 6

Ida Tarbell

Answer 6

• exposed how standard oil was a monopoly
• public started to question big businesses
• convinced supreme court to break up standard oil

Question 7

Lincoln Steffens

Answer 7

• wrote the shame of the cities
• exposed corruption between big businesses and city government (police departments and utilities companies)
• focused on other urban cities like St. Louis and Minneapolis
• wrote about bribery, greed, and how the good go bad.

Question 8

Upton Sinclair

Answer 8

• wrote “The Jungle” uncovering unsanitary conditions of meat packing industry
• led President Roosevelt (Theodore) to pass Meat Inspection Act and the pure food and drug acts

Question 9

Florence Kelley

Answer 9

fought for workers rights

Question 10

Hull House

Answer 10

settlement houses

Question 11

Jane Addams and her Hull House

Answer 11

• settlement homes where welfare/community centers, goal to help the urban poor/working class improvement, communities, and provide them with resources
• offered employment counseling, health clinics, day cares, English classes, cooking exchange.

Question 12

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

Answer 12

• March 25th, 1911
• fire broke out in building, women were trapped due to locked doors, (employers thought they were stealing) flimsy fire escapes, overcrowding
• women tried to escape, many died/jumped to their deaths (146). Led to change in safety laws, child labor rules, and working hour reforms (56 new laws)
• Frances Perkins witnessed fire and was moved to help workers, became the United State’s first female cabinet member under FDR as the secretary of labor.

Question 13

Supreme Court Cases

Answer 13

• Lochner v. New York (1905)- states cannot have maximum hour laws (anti-10 hour work days) (bakeries)
• Muller v. Oregon (1908)- allowed women to be restricted to a 10 hour work day (women in the workforce)
• Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)- child labor laws are unconstitutional

Question 14

National reform focused on the following

Answer 14

• need more voters and honest politicians

- Robert M La Follette- helped create many reforms for voting (Wisconsin Idea)

Question 15

Initiative (Wisconsin idea)

Answer 15

voters could directly propose legislation

Question 16

Referendum (Wisconsin idea)

Answer 16

people could vote on laws that affected them

Question 17

Recall (Wisconsin idea)

Answer 17

ability to remove bad officials from office

Question 18

Creation of secret ballot

Answer 18

• direct primaries

- direct election of senators (will become the 17th amendment)

Question 19

Local Reform focused on corruption

Answer 19

• city bosses like Tweed exposed corruption
• cities moved to public ownership of utilities
• elected commissioners and boards of alderman to spread out control.