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Period 5 Part 3 > Period 5 Part 3 > Flashcards

Period 5 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Conflicts in the begging (Questions)

A

How would the south be treated?
To what extent did the federal gov have to help ex-slaves adjust to freedom?
Under what conditions would the Confederate states be fully accepted as coequal partners in the restored union?
Who had the authority to decide these questions, the president or Congress?

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2
Q

What did the North want?

A

To continue economic progress

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3
Q

What did the South want?

A

a cheap labor force to work on their plantations

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4
Q

What did freedman and women want?

A

Independence and equal rights

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5
Q

Why weren’t national leaders able to make bold moves?

A

The constitutional concepts of limited government and states’ rights

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6
Q

Why was little economic help given in the South?

A

People believed as a freed person in a free society it is their opportunity and responsibility to provide for themselves

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7
Q

What did Abraham Lincoln believe about the secession?

A

He believed under constitutional rights the southern states could not leave the union so he sees it as they never left

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8
Q

How did Abraham Lincoln view the Southern states?

A

He viewed them as a disloyal minority

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9
Q

What did Andrew Johnson attempt to do?

A

After Lincoln was assassinated he tried to carry out Lincolns plans of political reconstruction in the 11 states of confederacy

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10
Q

What was the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)?

A

Lincoln’s process to reconstruct the government in a way were unionist were in charge rather than secessionist.

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11
Q

What did the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) Provide?

A

Full presidential pardons to Confederate states who took an oath of allegiance to the Union and U.S. constitution and accept the emancipation of slaves
A state government could be reestablished and accepted as legitimate by the U.S. president as soon as at least 10 percent of the voters in the state took the loyalty oath

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12
Q

What did Lincoln’s Proclamation mean for Southern States?

A

They would be required to rewrite its state constitution and eliminate the existence of slavery. This would shorten the War and give added weight to his emancipation proclamation.

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13
Q

What problems did Republicans have with Lincolns Proclamation?

A

The 10 percent plan because they argued it would allow for a reconstructed state government to fall under the domination of disloyal secessionists.

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14
Q

What was the Wade-Davis Bill (1864)?

A

This bill demanded more terms for reconstruction, it required 50 percent of voters to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution. But, Lincoln refused to sign it.

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15
Q

What question was made about Congress and Lincoln after he pocket vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill?

A

How serious were the conflicts between President Lincoln and the Republican Congress over Reconstruction Policy? Congress by 1865 was ready to reassert their power

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16
Q

What Agency did Congress create in March 1865?

A

The Bureau of Refugees, freedman, and Abandoned Lands, also known as the Freedmen’s Bureau.

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17
Q

What did the Freedmen’s Bureau do?

A

It provided food, shelter,and medical aid for those made impoverished due to the War (blacks/freed slaves and whites)

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18
Q

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau able to do at first?

A

They were able to resettle freed blacks on confiscated farms in the south until President Johnson pardoned confederate owners of the confiscated lands and so the lands were returned to the original owners

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19
Q

What did the Bureau have to do with education?

A

Under the leadership of General O. Howard they established 3,000 schools for freed blacks and before federal funding stopped in 1870 they taught around 200,000 African Americans how to read

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20
Q

What did Lincoln encourage in his last speech?

A

He encouraged norther’s to accept Louisiana as a reconstructed state

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21
Q

What question did Lincoln address in his last address?

A

Whether freedmen should be granted the right to vote?

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22
Q

What did Lincoln suggest in his last speech?

A

He suggested if he had lived he would have turned more radical

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23
Q

Where did Johnson come from?

A

A self taught tailor, rose in Tennessee politics who spent his time supporting poor whites in their economic conflicts with rich planters

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24
Q

Who was the only Senator from a Confederate state to stay loyal to the Union?

A

Johnson

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25
Q

Who was Johnson?

A

At one point Tennessee state war governor, southern democrat Lincoln’s running mate in 1864, and a white supremacist (clashed with Republicans)

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26
Q

What did Johnson’s reconstruction proclamation include?

A

loss of right to vote and hold positions in office of all former leaders and officeholders of the confederacy and confederates with more than 20,000 in taxable property. (Johnson made pardons leading to confederates being back in office by fall 1865)

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27
Q

What was happening with Southern Governments in 1865?

A

They were all accepted back in with their new constitutions that refuted secession and ratified the 13th amendment but didn’t give voting rights to blacks and many former confederate leaders won seats in congress

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28
Q

What were the Black Codes?

A

Adopted by Southern State legislators which prevented blacks from renting land or borrowing money to buy land, placing freedmen in a semi bondage pretending they are apprentices so they sign work contracts, and prevented blacks from testifying against whites in court

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29
Q

What did the Republicans do in early 1866?

A

They challenged the elections in the South and refused seats to representatives and senators who were ex-confederates

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30
Q

What did Johnson veto?

A

A bill increasing the services and protection provided by the Freedmen’s bureau and a civil rights bill that nullified black codes and granted full citizenship to African Americans

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31
Q

What were the Republicans divided between?

A

Moderates were focused on the economic gain for white middle class while radicals were focused on promoting civil rights for blacks

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32
Q

Where would the South have more strength in?

A

Since the 3/5 rule didn’t apply anymore the South would have more representatives affecting the electoral college for future presidential elections

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33
Q

Who was the leading radical republican?

A

Senator Charles Summer of Massachusetts

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34
Q

What were Thaddeus Stevens hopes?

A

He hoped to revolutionize southern society through military rule. So African Americans would be able to exercise their civil rights, be educated in federal schools, and receive lands from the planter class

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35
Q

What causes did Benjamin Wade endorse?

A

Women’s suffrage, rights from labor unions, and civil rights from African Americans

36
Q

What if the fourteenth amendment?

A

Congress passed and sent an amendment to the states in 1866 and was then ratified in 1868 which declared that all persons born and naturalized in the United States were citizens and obliged the states to respect the rights of U.S. citizens and provide them with equal protection of the laws and due process of law

37
Q

What was the report of he joint committee?

A

A report recommending that the former Confederate states should not have representation in congress and asserted that Congress have the power to decide the conditions for allowing the reconstructed states to rejoin the union

38
Q

What did Johnson do during the election of 1866?

A

“Swing around the circle” speeches to attack his opponents, he said equal rights for blacks would lead to an africanized society.

His opponents refuted by calling him a traitor and drunkard

39
Q

Who won the election of 1866?

A

Republicans, more than 2/3 majority in the House and Senate

40
Q

What were the reconstruction Acts of 1867?

A

Placed military control in the southern states and increased requirements for readmission to the Union which was the ratification of the 14th amendment and guaranteeing the right to vote for all men no matter what race

41
Q

What was the Tenure of Office Act?

A

Prohibited a president from removing a federal official or military commander without approval from the Senate

42
Q

What followed the Tenure of Office Act?

A

The Republicans issued this act to keep power in office but Johnson challenged it because he thought it was unconstitutional which led to the Republicans impeaching him and charging him for 11 crimes. The Senate fell one vote short from removing Johnson from office (seven moderate Republicans joined the Democrats)

43
Q

Who won the election of 1868?

A

Ulysses S. Grant because blacks gave him his margin victory

44
Q

What is the 15th amendment?

A

It prohibited any state from denying a citizens right to vote on account of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude; ratified in 1870

45
Q

What was the Civil Rights act of 1875?

A

The last civil rights reform enacted by Congress during the reconstruction. The law guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited courts from excluding African Americans from juries. But, the law was poorly enforced because moderate and conservative Republicans were frustrated trying to reform an unwilling south and feared losing white northern votes so by 1877 Congress abandoned the reconstruction completely

46
Q

During the second round of reconstruction who was in charge?

A

The Republicans dominated the southern ex- Confederate states and each republican controlled government was pt under military protection.

47
Q

What is the one southern government that whites did not have the majority in the house and senate?

A

South Carolina, the freedmen controlled the lower house in 1873

48
Q

What did Democrats call Southern Republicans?

A

Scalawags

49
Q

What did Democrats call Northern newcomers?

A

Carpetbaggers

50
Q

What were the African Americans who held office like?

A

They were educated property holders who took moderate stances on issues

51
Q

Who were the two African Americans that the Republicans in the South sent to the Senate?

A

Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels

52
Q

What question surrounds the legislative record during the Republicans brief control over southern State politics?

A

Did the Republicans abuse their power for selfish ends or did they govern responsibly in the public interest

53
Q

What did Republican legislators do with state constitutions in the South?

A

They liberalized state constitutions in the south by providing universal male suffrage, property rights for women, debt relief, and modern penal codes.

54
Q

What did Republican legislators promote?

A

They promoted the building of railroads, bridges, roads, and other internal improvements. And established the need for state institutions as hospitals, asylums, and homes for the disabled. And, the reformers established state supported public schools. They paid for this by overhauling the tax system and selling bonds.

55
Q

What were some failures of republicans during the reconstruction in the South?

A

Many Southerners and some Northern historians believed the Republican rule was wasteful and corrupt.

56
Q

What Southerners had the greatest adjustment to make during the reconstruction?

A

Freedmen and Freed women, since they were newly free they had to secure their economic survival and political rights as citizens

57
Q

What was it like building black communities?

A

African Americans reuniting with families and getting proper education. Many blacks wanted Independence from white control which led to the founding of hundreds of independent African American churches after the war. Soon black ministers became leaders in the black community

58
Q

What had to happen for African Americans to be able to pay for an education?

A

Many African Americans became teachers and some colleges that were established during the reconstruction were to prepare black ministers and teachers.

59
Q

Where did freedmen move to?

A

They migrated to the frontier states like Kansas

60
Q

What was sharecropping?

A

A system in the south after the civil war where poor farmers including many African Americans worked on land owned by someone else. The Landowners provided supplies and in return the farmers gave them a large share of their crops. While it allowed poor people to farm, it often kept them in debt or dependent on their Landowners, making a new form of economic servitude.

61
Q

What was the North’s economy driven by during the reconstruction?

A

Industrial revolution and pro business policies which shifted their focus to railroads, steel, labor problems, and money

62
Q

Who were 3 important Republican reformers?

A

Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Summer, and Benjamin Wade

63
Q

Who were the two Senators who gave rise to the spoil-system in the early 1870s?

A

Roscoe Conkling and James Blaine (gave jobs and government favors to supporters)

64
Q

During the Grant administration what was the main focus of Northerns?

A

Lincolns radical republican idealism was pushed to the side and Northerns started becoming focused on their economy. This led to much corruption in business and government.

65
Q

What was the Credit Mobilier affair?

A

insiders gave stock to influential members of congress to avoid investigation of their profits

66
Q

What was the Whiskey Ring?

A

when federal revenue agents conspired with the liquor industry to defraud the government of millions in taxes

67
Q

What is the importance of William Tweed during Grant’s presidency?

A

He was the boss of the local democratic party in NY, he mastermined dozens of schemes for helping himself and cronies to large chunks of gaft. He stole about 200 million from NY taxpayers until the New York Times and Thomas Nast exposed him which led to his arrest and imprisonment in 1871.

68
Q

What was the new faction called, formed from the scandals during Grants Administration?

A

Liberal Republicans

69
Q

What did the Liberal Republicans want?

A

They selected Horace Greeley as their presidential candidate, he was the editor of the New York tribune. The Liberal Republicans advocated for civil service reform, ending of railroad subsidies, withdrawal of federal troops in the South, reduced tariffs, and free trade. The Democratic party joined them and also nominated Greeley.

70
Q

Who won the election of 1872 and how?

A

The regular Republicans won with Grant, he was elected for his second term. They won by using the “waving of the bloody shirt” (reminded people of the civil war and the violence inflicted by Democrats) which helped Grant win in a landslide. And, days before the electoral vote Horace Greeley died.

71
Q

What led to the Panic of 1873?

A

Over speculation by financiers and overbuilding by industry and railroads led to business failures and depression

72
Q

What did the Debtors demand during the Panic of 1873?

A

They demanded the creation of greenback paper money that was not supported by gold

73
Q

How did Grant respond to the demand of greenback paper money not supported by gold?

A

He sided with the hard money bankers and creditors who wanted money backed by gold so he vetoed the bill for the release of greenbacks

74
Q

In the third round of reconstruction who took control and what did they agree upon politically?

A

Southern Conservatives also known as Redeemers began to take control of state governments. They came from different backgrounds but agreed on states’ rights, reduced taxes, reduced spending on social programs, and white supremacy

75
Q

What was the secret society created to intimidate blacks and white reformers?

A

It was the Klu Klux Klan which was founded in 1867 by ex-confederate general Nathaniel Bedford-Forrest

76
Q

What did the KKK do?

A

They burned black owned buildings and flogged and murdered freedmen to keep them from exercising their voting rights

77
Q

How did Congress stop the KKK?

A

They issued the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871

78
Q

What was the Amnesty Act of 1872?

A

It removed the restrictions leftover on ex confederates except for the top leaders. This allowed Southern conservatives to vote for Democrats allowing for their takeover

79
Q

What were the 3 states that still had federal troops in 1876?

A

South Carolina, Florida, Louisiana. The Democrats had returned to power in all the states except these 3

80
Q

Who did the Republicans nominate in the election of 1876?

A

Rutherford B. Hayes, he was untouched by the corruption of the Grant administration and the governor of Ohio

81
Q

Who did the Democrats nominate in the election of 1876?

A

New Yorks reform governor Samuel J. Tilden, he made a name for himself fighting the corrupt Tweed Ring

82
Q

Who won the election of 1876?

A

Tilden seemed to be in the lead, he only needed one electoral vote from the three states. But there was a special commission to figure out who would be entitled to the disputed votes of the three states. The vote was 8-7 which gave the all the votes to Hayes. Outraged Democrats threatened to block the decision through a prolonged debate and send the results to the house which they controlled.

83
Q

What was the Compromise of 1877?

A

An agreement for Democrats to allow Hayes to become president. In return he had to end federal support for Republicans in the south and support the building of a southern transcontinental railroad

84
Q

What factors led to the end of the Reconstruction?

A

The end of federal military presence in the south, the Supreme Court striking down reconstruction laws which protected African Americans from discrimination, and the fact that most African Americans and whites were poor farmers meaning they were not able to industrialize the south which led to them falling behind the rest of the nation

85
Q

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A

Pronounced all African Americans citizens and provided a legal shield against black codes

Period 5 Part 3 (1 decks)

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