period 4 terms A

Question 1

Ottoman Turks targeted Armenian Christians from 1915-1916 to remove Christian influence in the Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

Armenian genocide?

Question 2

Agreement that formally ended WWI, signed in 1919, focused on punishing Central Powers, especially Germany

Answer 2

Treaty of Versailles?

Question 3

To prevent conflicts between countries through treaties, discussions, and protection against invasions

Answer 3

League of Nations?

Question 4

What is the Indian National Congress?

Answer 4

Political party seeking Indian independence from Britain through civil disobedience and boycotts, founded in 1885

Question 5

What does collectivization refer to?

Answer 5

The process where farmland is controlled by the government and divided among workers

Question 6

What is Blitzkrieg?

Answer 6

Military strategy of attacking quickly at key points and then retreating before counterattacks

Question 7

What triggered the February/March Revolution in Russia?

Answer 7

Involvement in WWI, food scarcity, and high casualties led to a rebellion in 1917

Question 8

What was the goal of the October/November Revolution?

Answer 8

To create a communist/socialist republic in Russia and end involvement in WWI

Question 9

What were the Fourteen Points?

Answer 9

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s plan to create lasting peace after WWI

Question 10

Define self-determination.

Answer 10

The belief that citizens should decide what kind of government they have

Question 11

What was the mandate system?

Answer 11

A League of Nations system giving former colonies to Allied Powers until they were ‘prepared’ for self-government

Question 12

Who were the Bolsheviks?

Answer 12

Members of the Communist Party in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin

Question 13

What is totalitarianism?

Answer 13

A form of government in which political leaders control all aspects of citizens’ lives

Question 14

What is satyagraha?

Answer 14

Gandhi’s philosophy of peacefully resisting unjust laws while maintaining truth

Question 15

What is a coalition government?

Answer 15

A parliamentary government formed when no single party has a majority

Question 16

What was the Weimar Republic?

Answer 16

Post-WWI German government that collapsed due to economic instability and distrust

Question 17

Define fascism.

Answer 17

Political ideology emphasizing government control over daily life and the economy, promoting nationalism

Question 18

What was the Great Purge?

Answer 18

Stalin’s campaign against political threats, resulting in 750,000 executions and 1 million imprisoned

Question 19

What were the Five-Year Plans?

Answer 19

Goals set by the Soviet Union to increase production and compete with non-Soviet countries

Question 20

What was the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere?

Answer 20

Japanese policy advocating for colonization of East Asia to preserve traditions and protect from Western influences

Question 21

What does appeasement refer to?

Answer 21

Political policy of giving a government what it wants to prevent future conflicts

Question 22

What was the nonaggression pact?

Answer 22

Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to not fight each other and divide Europe

Question 23

What was Kristallnacht?

Answer 23

Organized attack against Jewish people in Germany in 1938, led by the Nazi Party

Question 24

What does lebensraum mean?

Answer 24

German policy of expanding territory to provide resources and land for its population

Question 25

What was Vichy France?

Answer 25

Government that allied with Nazi Germany and implemented anti-Semitic policies during WWII

Question 26

What is a kulak?

Answer 26

Wealthy peasant in Russia with leadership positions before the revolution, targeted during collectivization

Question 27

What was the Armenian genocide?

Answer 27

Ottoman Turks targeted Armenian Christians from 1915-1916 to remove Christian influence in the Ottoman Empire and prevent support for the Allied Powers. ## Footnote This event is often recognized as one of the first modern genocides.

Question 28

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 28

Agreement that formally ended WWI, signed in 1919, focused on punishing Central Powers, especially Germany, through military limitations and the war guilt clause. ## Footnote The war guilt clause made Germany accept full responsibility for the causes of WWI.

Question 29

What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

Answer 29

To prevent conflicts between countries by requiring treaties to be published, discussing conflicts, finding peaceful solutions, and protecting nations from invasions. ## Footnote It was established after WWI.

Question 30

What was the Indian National Congress?

Answer 30

Political party formed in 1885 by Western-educated Indians seeking independence from Britain through civil disobedience and boycotts. ## Footnote It played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement.

Question 31

Define collectivization.

Answer 31

Process by which farmland is controlled by the government and divided between workers. ## Footnote This was a significant policy in the Soviet Union under Stalin.

Question 32

What does Blitzkrieg mean?

Answer 32

Translates as 'lightning war', a military strategy of quick attacks at key points followed by rapid retreat. ## Footnote Used by Nazi Germany, especially in bombing campaigns.

Question 33

What triggered the February/March Revolution in Russia?

Answer 33

Involvement in WWI, food scarcity, and high casualties led to a rebellion in 1917, resulting in Czar Nicholas II's abdication. ## Footnote This revolution contributed to the establishment of the Duma.

Question 34

What was the October/November Revolution?

Answer 34

A 1917 rebellion against the Duma led by Red Guard soldiers aiming to establish a communist republic in Russia. ## Footnote Promised to end WWI involvement and redistribute land.

Question 35

What were the Fourteen Points?

Answer 35

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for lasting peace after WWI, addressing underlying causes of the conflict. ## Footnote These points were intended to prevent future wars.

Question 36

What is self-determination?

Answer 36

Belief that citizens should decide what kind of government they have. ## Footnote A significant principle in Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Question 37

What was the mandate system?

Answer 37

Developed by the League of Nations to give control of former Ottoman and German colonies to Allied Powers until self-government was achieved. ## Footnote It was a way to manage former colonies after WWI.

Question 38

Who were the Bolsheviks?

Answer 38

Members of the Communist Party in Russia, led by Vladimir Lenin, seeking to forcefully seize government power for the proletariat. ## Footnote They played a key role in the October Revolution.

Question 39

Define totalitarianism.

Answer 39

A form of government where political leaders control all aspects of citizens' lives, including social groups, education, and economic policies. ## Footnote It is characterized by a lack of political pluralism.

Question 40

What is satyagraha?

Answer 40

Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of peacefully challenging unjust laws while maintaining truth. ## Footnote It emphasizes nonviolent resistance.

Question 41

What is a coalition government?

Answer 41

Parliamentary government formed when no single party has a majority, requiring alliances with smaller parties. ## Footnote This is often seen in multiparty systems.

Question 42

What was the Weimar Republic?

Answer 42

Post-WWI German government characterized as a parliamentary republic that collapsed due to economic instability and distrust. ## Footnote It was established after the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 43

Define fascism.

Answer 43

Political ideology advocating for government control over daily life and the economy, emphasizing nationalism and protectionism. ## Footnote Notable examples include Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany.

Question 44

What was the Great Purge?

Answer 44

Stalin’s campaign from 1936-1938 against political threats, resulting in around 750,000 executions and 1 million imprisoned in gulags. ## Footnote It targeted loyalists of Lenin and Trotsky.

Question 45

What were the Five-Year Plans?

Answer 45

Goals set by the Soviet government to increase production and stabilize the economy, focusing on industrialization and food production. ## Footnote These plans aimed to catch up with Western economies.

Question 46

What was the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere?

Answer 46

Japanese policy promoting colonization of East Asian countries to preserve traditions and protect from Western influences. ## Footnote This justification was used for aggressive military actions.

Question 47

What does appeasement mean?

Answer 47

Political policy of granting concessions to a government to prevent future conflicts. ## Footnote Notably applied by Britain and France towards Nazi Germany.

Question 48

What was the nonaggression pact?

Answer 48

Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union that they would not fight each other and divide Europe after WWII. ## Footnote This pact was signed shortly before WWII began.

Question 49

What was Kristallnacht?

Answer 49

Organized attack against Jewish people by the Nazi Party in 1938, resulting in widespread vandalism and violence. ## Footnote Known as the 'Night of Broken Glass'.

Question 50

What is lebensraum?

Answer 50

German policy of territorial expansion to provide resources for its population. ## Footnote It was a key element of Nazi ideology.

Question 51

What was Vichy France?

Answer 51

WWII-era government that allied with Nazi Germany, implementing anti-Semitic policies and restricting freedoms. ## Footnote It was a collaborationist regime during the German occupation.

Question 52

Define kulak.

Answer 52

Wealthy peasant with leadership roles before the Russian Revolution, affected by collectivization policies. ## Footnote They were seen as obstacles to communist agricultural reforms.