period 3 Flashcards
What was the Albany Plan of Union? What is the date
A proposal by President Franklin in 1754 for American colonies to unite against the French and Indians
It was later rejected as it required high taxation.
What were the causes of the French and Indian War?
The causes included:
* Ohio River Valley claims by France and Britain
* Fur trade competition
* Native American alliances
What was the effect of the French and Indian War on British territorial claims?
The British greatly increased their territory in North America, gaining land east of the Mississippi River
The French lost most of their North American empire.
What was the significance of the Proclamation of 1763?
It forbade colonists from taking land in the Ohio River Valley, leading to tensions with settlers
Also established new structures for North America to manage relations with First Nation’s peoples
This proclamation was a response to the conflicts with Native Americans.
What were the main taxes imposed by Britain after the French and Indian War? + dates
The main taxes included:
* Sugar Act (1764)
* Stamp Act (1765)
* Townshend Acts (1767)
What was the Stamp Act Congress?
A gathering of 27 delegates from 9 colonies in New York to petition against the Stamp Act
They argued that taxation without representation was tyranny.
What was the Boston Massacre?
An incident in 1770 where British soldiers shot into a crowd, killing 4 colonists
It was a key event leading to growing anti-British sentiments.
What did the Boston Tea Party protest?
The tea acts of 1773, leading to the Coercive Acts, threw in 45 tons of tea into the ocean and barbors were closed until all the tea was paid back
Colonists, led by the Sons of Liberty, dumped 45 tons of tea into the harbor.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
A series of punitive laws passed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party
Included the closure of Boston Harbor until the tea was repaid.
What was the Continental Congress?
A meeting in 1774 where delegates from the colonies gathered to discuss resisting British policies
They sought to assert their rights while still wanting to remain under British rule.
What is deism?
A belief in a supreme being who does not intervene in the universe
It emerged during the Enlightenment.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
It was presented on July 2, 1776, and made public on July 4, 1776.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Saratoga?
It was a turning point in the American Revolution that gained French support for the Americans (1777)
This victory boosted American morale.
What did the Treaty of Paris (1783) accomplish?
It ended the American Revolution and recognized American independence
It also defined the new nation’s borders.
What were the Articles of Confederation?
The first governing document of the United States, establishing a weak central government
It was replaced by the Constitution due to its weaknesses.
What was Shays’ Rebellion?
An uprising led by farmers in 1786 protesting high taxes and debt
It highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
What was the Great Compromise?
An agreement that established a bicameral legislature with representation based on population and equal representation
It resolved disputes between large and small states.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
A compromise allowing states to count three-fifths of their enslaved population for representation
It addressed how slaves would be counted in the census.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A revolt by farmers against a tax on whiskey in the 1790s
It tested the new federal government’s ability to enforce its laws.
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Laws that made it easier to deport noncitizens and restricted public criticism of the government
Aimed primarily at immigrants opposing Federalist policies.
What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions assert?
That states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional
They were responses to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
What was the significance of the term ‘Republican motherhood’?
It assigned women the role of raising virtuous citizens instead of participating in politics
This concept emerged in the context of the early Republic.
What was the XYZ Affair?
An incident where French agents demanded bribes from American diplomats
It led to an undeclared naval war between the U.S. and France.
What was the role of women during the Townshend Acts protests?
Women participated by producing homemade goods and avoiding British imports
They were crucial in boycotting British products.
