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AP US History > Period 3 (1754-1800) > Flashcards

Period 3 (1754-1800) Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the main empires at war and what were they fighting for?

A

Great Britain vs. Spain and France

fighting for supremacy of West Indies, Canada, and Colonial Trade

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2
Q

King Williams War

A

1689-1697

British tried to capture Quebec from the French, but the (F) and (I) forces burned british settlements

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3
Q

Queen Annes War

A

(1702-1713)
After King Williams War
Britain succeeded in gaining Novia Scottia from France and trading rights with Spaniards

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4
Q

King George War

A

(1744-1748)
British War but the colonist faced the attacks from Spain and French
Oglethorpe fought and colonial militia fought against the attacks and captures Louisbourg

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5
Q

Why were the colonists mad after K. George War?

A

Because Britain gave back Louisbourg (colonial victory) in order to have trading rights with India

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6
Q

What was the difference between the French and Indian wars in comparison to the prior 3 wars (King George, Queen Annes, and King Williams)

A

FI started in America and spread to Europe

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7
Q

What is the difference between the 7-year war and the FI Indian war?

A

SAME WAR
FI was fought in America
7yr was fought in Europe

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8
Q

What provoked the British to wage war during the FI war

A

French had begun to build chain of forts along the Ohio River in order to halt the expansion of British colonies

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9
Q

How did the British adress the expansion of France on the Ohio River?

A

sent a small militia under the command of GW who eventually had to surrender to the superior force of the FI

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10
Q

When did Washingtons Milita first strike in the FI war?

A

Sumer of 1754

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11
Q

Who was General E. Braddock

A

leader of the second attack on Ft. Duquesne

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12
Q

Where was Ft. Duquesne

A

Pittsburg

Controlled by the FI at the beginning of the war

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13
Q

The Albany Plan of Union year?

A

1754

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14
Q

What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?

A

to help develop a system in which the intercolonial governments could recruit troops and collect taxes from the colonies

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15
Q

who wrote the Alb. Plan Union

A

Ben Franklin

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16
Q

Who was William Pitt

A

British PM 1770s (during the FI war)

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17
Q

which fort did Britain take back in 1758?

A

Louisbourg

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18
Q

What was surrendered to General James Wolf in 1759

A

Quebec

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19
Q

What area was taken by the (B) 1760

A

Montreal

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20
Q

What resulted from the previous B victories in 1763?

A

the peace of paris

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21
Q

The Peace of Paris in terms of B

A

gained Spanish Florida and French Canada

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22
Q

Immediate Effects of the French and Indian War

A

Unchallenged British supremacy in NA
Dominant B naval power
American colonies no longe rhad to face the threats of French attacks
Changed the views between B and C

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23
Q

Post FI war B Opinion

A

C had bad military, poorly trained, unable and unwilling to defend newly gained frontiers

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24
Q

Post FI war C Opinion

A

independent mindset

realized they could defend themselves

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25
Q

post FI war British Policy

A

end of salutary neglect
increased control
increased taxes

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26
Q

Year of Pon Rebell

A

1763

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27
Q

Reason Pont. Rebel

A

Indians were angered by the growing W. movement of the C

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28
Q

Pont. Rebel.

A

B put troops in to end the violence

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

prohibited movement past App. Mount. for C

increased anger in C

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30
Q

3 acts of Lord G. Greenville

A

Sugar Act
Quartering
Stamp

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31
Q

Greenville

A

British PM

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32
Q

Sugar Act

A

1764
raised duties on foreign sugar and luxuries
increased mandating of Navigation Acts

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33
Q

Quartering Act

A

1765

required colonists to let soldiers in their homes

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34
Q

Stamp Act

A

1765

put stamps on paper goods in order to collect direct tax

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35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Virginia Lawyer when he stood up at the house of Burgasse and talked about the rights of people-
no taxation w/o representation

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36
Q

James Otis

A

from Massachusetts

started rebellion against Stamp Act

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37
Q

Stamp- Act Congress

A

Reps. came together in NY and decided that only state governments could decide when to tax

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38
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

society that used tar and feathers (violence) and destroyed stamps in order to fight against the stamp act

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39
Q

What finally made the Stamp Act go away

A

when colonist boycotted B goods

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40
Q

importance of 1766

A

replaced B PM (Greenville)
repeal of the Stamp Act
Declaratory Act

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41
Q

Declaration Act

A

1766

stated the B had the right to make laws and tax the C no matter what

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42
Q

The Townshed Acts

A

1767
permitted search of C homes for smuggled goods
B mandated and controlled C salaries
increased tax on goods (tea glass and paper)

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43
Q

letters from a Farmer

A

1768
Dickison
said that this the townshed acts were still a form of taxation with out representation

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44
Q

Massachusetts Circular Letter

A

1768
Otis and Adams
send to C legislat. that encouraged the colonists to petition

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45
Q

How did the king react to the Massachusetts Circular Letter and letters from a farmer?

A

increased # of B in Colonies and threatened to dissolve the colonial legals.

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46
Q

Repeal of the Town Shed Act?

A

1770 bc of new B PM (Fredrick) bc of the colonial boycott

however kept tax on tea

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47
Q

Boston Masacre

A

B guards killed harassing C and were tried

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48
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A

Sam Adams in 1770-1773 proliferated the idea that the British were taking rights away from C

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49
Q

The Gaspee

A

was a ship that patrolled the ports and had caught C smugglers. 1772, a groups of colonists dressed as American Indians destroyed the ship.

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50
Q

Tea Act

A

1773 to help fund the British East India Comp. made the tea (with tax included) cheaper then Dutch Tea

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51
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

radicals dumped tea into the Boston Harbor to show that they would not be misrepresented.

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52
Q

Intolerable Acts

A 
In reaction to the Boston Tea Party 1774
The port Act
The Mass Gov Act
The Admin of Just Act
Expansion of Quatering Act
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53
Q

Port Act 1774

A

closed port until tea was payed for

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54
Q

Mass Gov Act 1774

A

reduced C power (legals.)

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55
Q

Admin of Justice 1774

A

allowed royal government to be tried in GB instead of C

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56
Q

Quatering Act in 1774

A

Allowed stay in PRIVATE homes

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57
Q

Quebec Act 1774

A

extended the boundary of Quebec

Roman Cahtolisism

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58
Q

The Era of Enlightenment

A

peaked mid 1700s (18th)
god had established natural laws in creating the universe
reason science respect for humaniity

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59
Q

Continental Congress #1

A

1774
all colonies besides Geogia sent rep. to Philadelphia to responde to Britains alarming threats to their liberty

waned to change British Policy

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60
Q

Radical Delegates of CC#1

A 
Patrick Henry (virg)
Sam Adams (Mass)
John Adam (Mass)
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61
Q

Moderate Delegates of CC#1

A 
GW (Virg)
John Dickinson (Penn)
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62
Q

Conservatives Delegates of CC#1

A 
John Jay (NY)
Galloway (Penn)
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63
Q

Galloway Plan

A
  1. Suffolk Resolves
  2. Declaration fo Rights and Grievances
  3. Contenentail Association
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64
Q

Soffolk Resolves

A

repeal all intolerable acts

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65
Q

Dec. of Rights and Greive.

A

king to recognize the ways that he had disrepected colonists

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66
Q

Continental association

A

a group of colonists to enforce

67
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

1775 Thomas Gage leads British to seize but minute men warn the militia and fight against Britain

68
Q

Minute men

A

Revere and Dawes

69
Q

Battle of Bunkerhill

A

1775 british conquer the hill but the C hurt the B army

70
Q

CC #2

A 
1775
NE want to seperate 
M want to reform 
Declaration of causes and ness. to take arms 
create C military
71
Q

Colonial Military of 1775

A

raid/attack colonial ships
GW of army
and Arndold to raid Quebec

72
Q

Peace Efforts of 1775

A

Olive Branch Petition

73
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

pledged loyality and in return that the king respect and secure protection of the colonies liberties (this petition was rejected)

74
Q

Prohibitory Act

A

in reaction to the Olive Branch Petition (claimed the colonists to be in a state of rebellion)

75
Q

Thomas Paine

A

1776 “common sense” need to break form B

76
Q

“Common Sense”

A

logic
big body can’t be ruled by little body
loyal to injustice is dumb

77
Q

Dec. Independence

A

1776

R.H Lee of Virginia introduced a resolution to become independent

78
Q

Patriots in the Rev. War

A

soldiers were mainly on volunteer

poorly equipped

79
Q

African Americans in Rev. War

A

B and then C promised to free AA who fought

80
Q

Peter Salem

A

Rev. War. Black. Hero

81
Q

Tories

A

Loyalists

82
Q

Tories in the Rev. War

A

fought with B

83
Q

William Franklin

A

son of B Franklin
Torie
last Royal Governor of NJ

84
Q

Tories after the war

A

went to B or Canada

85
Q

American Indians in Rev War

A

against the Colonists

86
Q

1775-1777

A

New York, Philadelphia, Valley Forge (C terrible time)

87
Q

Valley Forge

A

winter with GW and his patriots

88
Q

problems form 1775-1777

A

british occupied the ports… inflation, poverty, no goods…

89
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

1777NY, Beat Borgoyne and gained backing of France

90
Q

1778

A

France allies with Colonies against B

91
Q

1778 King of France

A

Louis XVI

92
Q

Absolute Monarch

A

king (complete control)

93
Q

British reaction to increased colonial power

A

concentrated NY (removed themselves from Philadelphia)

94
Q

1778-1779) Colonial Victories

A

Clark leads the capture of Illinois forts

95
Q

1780 British Policy

A

British focus on the Southern States (many loyalists)

96
Q

Battle of York Town

A

Chesapeake Bay
French backed
C wins over B

97
Q

1783 Importance

A

Treaty of Paris

98
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

1783

  1. B recognize C indpendence
  2. Mississippi River war the boundary of W expansion
  3. C have fishing rights in Canada
  4. C have to pay the debts to B
99
Q

1777 Colonial Government

A

state and congress

100
Q

State government

A

representatives

constitutions

101
Q

Liberals

A

liberty and rights

102
Q

COnserv.

A

Need for Law and Order

103
Q

Important aspects of Constitutions in 1777

A

rights, separation of power, voting

104
Q

Constitution in 1777

A

was made into the Aricles of Confederation

105
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Country Consitution

106
Q

Congress

A

Rep.
I vote per state
Admen art. 13/13
Vote 9/13

107
Q

Powers of Congress

A

COULD war, treaties, diplomatic rep, borrow money

COULD NOT tax

108
Q

Taxation in the colonies

A

was voted on by the States

109
Q

Land Ordinance

A

1785
surveying/selling western lands
public education was very important

110
Q

NW Land Ordinance

A

1787
set rules for creating new states
limited independent government in these regions
no slaves

111
Q

Problems with the Articles

A

paper $ worthless
could not tax
on global respect
B and Spain tried to take advantage

112
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

1786 farmers rebel against high sales tax, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper $ (which was successful until they tried to steal guns from the Springfield Army in 1787)

113
Q

Annapolis Convention

A

1786

after meeting at GW house five of the states came to talk

114
Q

Philadelphia Convention

A 
1787
all states (besides rhode island)  to create a constitution
115
Q

Framers of the Constitution

A

55 delagates

white male lawyers

116
Q

George Washinton in the Philadelphia Convention

A

chairsperson

117
Q

Ben Farnklin in the Philadelphia Convention

A

calm old wise men

118
Q

James Madison

A

Father of the Constitution

119
Q

Other important people in the Philadelphia Convention

A

Hamilton Morris Dickinson

120
Q

Nationalists

A

Madison Harrison wanted to draft a ew constitution

121
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Madison
favored big states
proportional

122
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

small states

1 share

123
Q

Conneticute Plan

Great Compromise

A

Sherman

Senete and House representation

124
Q

Senate

A

1 vote

125
Q

House

A

Proportional

126
Q

Slavery in the Constitution

A

3/5 a person

garunteed 20 more years of slavery

127
Q

Trade 1777

A

NE states wanted central government to regulate trade
S was scared that of export tax
there fore commercial compromise

128
Q

Commercial Compromise

A

Congress regulate and prohibit export tax

129
Q

Federalists Leaders

A

GW, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton

130
Q

Federalists Arguments

A

Strong Centeral Government

131
Q

Federalists thought that (in regards to const)

A

didn’t need a bill of rights

Articles of Con. suck

132
Q

A-Fed Leaders

A

Mason, Henry, Winthrop, Hancock, Clinton

133
Q

A-Fed Arguments

A

central government hurts liberty

individual rights

134
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

Jay, Madison, Hamilton

135
Q

What helped to get the rest of the states on board with the constitution (A-Fed)

A

adding a bill of rights

136
Q

What happened 1789?

A

GW President

137
Q

In the cabinet of 1789?

A

Jefferson/SOS
Hamilton/SOT
Knox/SOW
Randolph/Gen

138
Q

Mt. Vernon Conference

A

George Washington hosted this at his home in VA (1785); VA, MD, PA, and DE reps agreed that problems were serious enough with the Articles to prompt further discussions at a later meeting in Annapolis, MD, where the states might be represented

139
Q

Electoral College System

A

delegates assign to each state a number of electors equal to the total of that state’s representatives and senators; instituted because the delegates at Philadelphia feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule

140
Q

Judiciary Act (1789)

A

Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and 5 associate justices; empowered to rule on constitutionality of decisions made by state courts; act also provided for a system of 13 district courts and three circuit courts of appeals

141
Q

National debt

A

Hamilton proposed to pay off the national debt at face value and have the federal government assume the war debts of the states

142
Q

Infant industries

A

Hamilton proposed to protect the young nation’s new and developing industries by imposing high tariffs on imported goods

143
Q

National bank

A

Hamilton proposed to create a national bank for depositing govt funds and for printing banknotes that would provide the basis for a state US currency

144
Q

Tariffs;

A

excise taxes to raise enough revenue to pay govt debts, Hamilton got Congress to pass these on certain goods (i.e. Whiskey)

145
Q

French Revolution

A

When it broke out, France and US had an alliance with French monarchy but not the revolutionary republic; agreed with France and France’s side especially against Britain

146
Q

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

A

Washington believed the young nation was not strong enough to go to war and as a result, he proclaimed neutrality in the French conflict

147
Q

“Citizen” Edmund Genet

A

Objecting to Washington’s policy, Genet, the French ambassador to the US, broke all the normal rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the American people in support of the French cause

148
Q

Jay Treaty

A

(1794) US was tired of British searches and seizures of American ships and impressments of seamen into the British navy; after a year of talks, he made a treaty with British where they agreed to evacuate Western frontier posts, but said nothing of British seizures of American merchant ships

149
Q

Pinckney Treaty (1795)

A

Thomas Pinckney, US Ambassador to Spain, negotiated a treaty with Spain to open the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to America

150
Q

Right of deposit

A

ability for Americans to transit cargoes to New Orleans without paying duties to Spanish govt

151
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A

General Wayne defeats Shawnee, Wyandot and other Native Americans in this battle in NW Ohio; the next year, the Chiefs of the defeated peoples agreed to the Greenville Treaty where they surrendered the Ohio Territory for settlement

152
Q

Whisky Rebellion

A

(1794) PA, farmers refused to pay federal excise tax on whiskey and they attacked revenue collects; Washington federalized 15000 state militiamen and put them under Hamilton’s command, scaring the farmers and ending the rebellion

153
Q

Public Land Act

A

(1796) established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices

154
Q

Federalist Era

A

1790s were dominated by two Federalist figures around which political parties formed: Hamilton and Jefferson; Hamilton’s federalists supposed his financial programs (loose interpretation of Constitution but strong central government)

155
Q

Democratic-Republican party

A

supported Jefferson (anti Hamilton programs); southern state support and western frontier, whose political platform protected states’ rights and strict containment of federal power

156
Q

Washington’s farewell Address

A

called for Americans to not get involved in European affairs, no permanent alliances, no political parties, and no sectionalism

157
Q

two-term tradition

A

Washington left after two terms of office and set a precedent that was followed by all until FDR

158
Q

John Adams

A

Federalist candidate, and winner by 3 electoral votes; Jefferson was VP because he had 2nd most votes

159
Q

XYZ Affair

A

when Americans were angered by prospect of US merchant ships being taken by the French, emissaries were sent to France by Adams and French Ministers X, Y, and Z requested bribes before negotiations could be had; delegates were livid and wanted war but Adams diffused the situation and sent new ministers

160
Q

Alien Act

A

authorized president to deport aliens considered dangerous and to detain any enemy aliens in a time of war

161
Q

Sedition Act

A

made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or Congress and imposed heavy penalties on those who broke the law

162
Q

KY and VA resolutions

A

KY (Jefferson) and VA (Madison), which declared that the states had entered into a “compact” in forming the national government and therefore, if any act of the federal government broke the compact, a state could nullify federal law

163
Q

Revolution of 1800

A

in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, and taxes, Jefferson won the election of 1800 and it was called a revolution because it was a successful transfer from one political party to another done without violence (Federalist to Democratic-Republican)

AP US History (5 decks)

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