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Chemistry (A2) > Period 3 > Flashcards

Period 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the appearance and physical properties of sodium

A

Metallic, Shiny, Conducts electricity but poorly

Worst Conductor out of the metals

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2
Q

What is the Reaction of Sodium with Acid

A

Na + Acid ——> H2 + Salt

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3
Q

What is the reaction of Sodium with Cold water - name equation and observations & pH? (3)

A

2 Na + 2H2O —-> 2NaOH + H2

Vigorous Reaction, Less Dense then water so it floats

Exothermic Reaction melts the Na, Producing NaOH which has a ph of 13-14

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4
Q

What is the reaction between Sodium and Oxygen -name equation and observations?

A

2Na + 1/2O2 ——> Na2O

Bright Yellow Flame

Forms white powder of Na2O

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5
Q

What is the appearance and physical properties of magnesium

A

Metallic, Shiny, Conducts electricity

(Between Na ands Al in terms of conductivity)

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6
Q

Reaction of Magnesium with cold water - name equation and observations & pH?

A

Mg + 2H2O —-> H2 + Mg(OH)2

Very Slow reaction, pH = 10 Mg(OH)2 is Sparingly Soluble

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7
Q

Reaction of Mg with Steam - name equation and observations ? (3)

A

Mg + H2O —-> MgO + H2

Much faster reaction then with cold water

Forms White Powder MgO

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8
Q

Reaction of Mg with Oxygen - name equation and observations? (3)

A

2Mg + O2 —-> 2MgO

Bright white flame

forms white powder of MgO

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9
Q

What are the Appearance and Physical properties of Aluminium?

A

Metallic, Shiny Best Conductor of electricity in period 3

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10
Q

What is the Reaction of Al with cold water - name equation and observations & pH?

A

No Observable Reaction

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11
Q

What is the reaction of Al with Oxygen - name equation and observations?

A

4Al + 3O2 —-> 2Al2O3

A Bright Flame is observed (Heat and lower into jar of O2)

Al2O3 — White Powder is Formed

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12
Q

Why is Aluminium considered unreactive

A

Covered By its oxide Al2O3 on its surfaces

Al2O3 is unreactive

Exposed Al Reacts rapidly with air to form the Oxide

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13
Q

Appearance and Physical properties of silicon

A

Metalloid (Semimetal) , Semiconductor of electricity to an extent in specific conditions

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14
Q

Reaction of silicon with oxygen - name equation and observations?

A

Si + O2 —> SiO2 (Heat Strongly)

SiO2 formed is a white Powder

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15
Q

What is the appearance and physical properties of phosphorus

A

Non-metal
Low B.P and M.P
Doesn’t conduct electricity
Red Phosphorus ad a crystal structure
White Phosphorus (Regular) as P4

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16
Q

Reaction of Phosphorus with Excess Oxygen - name equation and observations ?

A

P4 (or 4P) + 5O2 —-> P4O10

Complete Combustion

White powder is formed

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17
Q

Reaction of phosphorus in a limited supply of oxygen - name equation and observations ?

A

4P + 3O2 —> P4O6

Incomplete combustion

Colourless liquid Phosphorus trioxide is formed

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18
Q

What is the appearance and physics properties of sulphur

A

Non-metal
Low B.P and M.P
Doesn’t Conduct Electricity

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19
Q

What is the Reaction of Sulphur and Oxygen - name equation and observations?

A

S + O2 —> SO2

Need to heat and lower into jar of oxygen

SO2 —-> Colourless Gas

Some SO3 Is also produced

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20
Q

What are the different types of structure and bonding displayed by Na & Mg

A

Ionic Lattice & Metallic Bonding

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21
Q

What are the different types of structure and bonding displayed by Al

Explain the covalent character in Al2O3

A

Ionic Lattice
Metallic Bonding
Al3+ distorts O2- Electron Cloud giving it Covalent Character

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22
Q

What are the different types of structure and bonding displayed by Si

A

Giant covalent structure (tetrahedral)
Covalent Bonding

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23
Q

Describe the Trend in melting points for period 3 oxides

A

MgO has Highest Melting point
SO2 Has lowest Boiling Point

Melting points Increases for metals going between Na2O & MgO due to Stronger ionic Bonding in MgO
Al2O3 is lower then MgO due to the covalent character.

SiO2 Is lower then Al2O3

melting point decreases for the simple molecular molecules as you go from P410 to SO3 due to decreasing size and VDW forces

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24
Q

Which period 3 Oxides are basic

A

Na2O and MgO

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25
Q

What is the reaction of Na Oxide with Water - name equation & pH?

A

Na2O + H2O —> 2Na+ + 2OH-

pH = 14

26
Q

What is the reaction of Mg Oxide with Water - name equation & pH?

A

MhO + H2O —-> Mg2+ + 2OH-

Mg2+ + 2OH- (reversible) Mg(OH)2 (Sparingly Soluble)

pH = 9-10 as Mg(OH)2 (Sparingly Soluble)

27
Q

What are the Products if Na2O and MgO

A

Salt and Water only

28
Q

Is Aluminium oxide Acidic or Basic?

A

It is amphoteric

Can act as Brønsted-lowry Base and Brønsted-lowry Acid

29
Q

Is Aluminium oxide soluble

A

Not in Polar solvents ie Water

30
Q

What is the Reaction of Aluminium Oxide with HCl

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl —-> 3H2O + 2AlCl3
(amphoteric)

31
Q

What is the Reaction with NaOH with aluminium oxide

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O ——> 2NaAl(OH)4

Sodium Aluminate

(Al2O3 is amphoteric)

32
Q

Is Silicon Dioxide/ oxide soluble in water

A

No — Large enough Lattice Enthalpy to not be dissolved

(same for Aluminium Oxide)

33
Q

In what Conditions will Silicon Dioxide act and an Acid

A

With a Strong base,

ie Hot Conc NaOH

34
Q

Reaction of silicon dioxide with hot conc NaOH

A

SiO2 + 2NaOH —> H2O + Na2SiO3

Sodium Silicate

35
Q

How is Silicon Dioxide used in the production of Fe

A

SiO2 + CaO —> CaSiO3

Removes Iron Ore Purities

36
Q

What is the reaction of Phosphorus Pentoxide with Water? pH?

How does the product form Dissociate?

A

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) —> 4H3PO4 (aq)

1-2

H3PO4 —> H+ + H2PO4-

37
Q

What is the reaction of P4O10 with NaOH?

A

12NaOH + P4O10 —-> 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O

38
Q

What is the reaction of SO2 with water? pH?

A

SO2(g) + H2O(l)—-> H2SO3

Weak Acid —-> Ph 2-3

39
Q

What is the reaction of SO3 with water? pH?

A

SO3(g) + H2O(l)—> H2SO4(aq)

Strong Acid —> pH = 0-1

40
Q

Reaction of SO2 with NaOH?

A

SO2 + NaOH —-> NaHSO3
NaHSO3 + NaOH —> Na2SO3 + H2O

41
Q

How can Flue gasses be Removed by CaO

A

CaO + SO2 —> CaSO3 (Calcium Sulfite)

42
Q

draw the structure of H3PO4

43
Q

How many electrons does Phosphorus have in its outer shell in H3PO4

44
Q

What is the shape and bonding in PO4 3-

A

Electrons delocalised to give a tetrahedral structure

109.5 Degree Bond angle

Each P-O Bond is the same Length

45
Q

Draw the Structure and bonding of H2SO4

46
Q

What is the Structure bonding and shape of SO4 2-

A

Electrons delocalise ——> Tetrahedral with 109.5

Each S-O Bond is the same length

47
Q

What is the Structure bonding and shape of SO3 2-

A

Bond Angle = 107 Trigonal Pyramid

Each S-O bond is the same length

S has one lone pair of electrons

48
Q

What are the uses of MgO

A

Additive to Cattle Feed

49
Q

How useful is Al2O3

A

Oxide layer on aluminium is very useful as its an unreactive with oxygen

50
Q

What are the uses of SO2

A

Reactant in the contact process (Making H2SO4)

51
Q

Which has the highest melting point Lithium Oxide or Sodium Oxide? Why?

A

Li2O has a higher melting point since Li+ is a smaller ion then Na+

O2- and Li+ charge centres are closer together and there is a greater electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions

52
Q

What is the reaction between So2 & CaCO3

53
Q

Identify a test and suitable reagents to distinguish between aqueous solutions of Sulphur Dioxide and Trioxide with same concentrations

A

Add a metal carbonate

H2SO4 is formed from sulphur trioxide and H2SO3 from sulphur dioxide

H2SO4 will dissociate more into H+ ions in solution

Sulphur Trioxide + Metal Carbonate will be more acidic , and have more effervescence from greater amounts of CO2 formed

54
Q

Write the reaction between SiO2 and water

A

no observable reaction ——> SiO2 is insoluble

55
Q

Why does SiO2 have a larger melting point then P4O10

A

SiO2 had a giant covalent structure compared with P4O10

Giant covalent structures have lots of covalent bonds that require a lot of energy to break

P4O10 only has weak VDW forces between molecules

VDW forces are less strong then covalent bonds so SiO2 has a higher melting point

56
Q

Explain a property that both Sulphur Trioxide and Dioxide have

A

Both are choking gasses (toxic)

Both are acidic

57
Q

Draw the Structure of the molecule that forms when sulphur dioxide reacts with water

58
Q

Describe a test you would cary out to distinguish between sodium oxide and phosphorus oxide

A

Place samples in separate test tubes

Add water to both test tubes

Phosphorus oxide will from H3PO4 which is an acid

Sodium Oxide will produce sodium hydroxide which is a base

Test the ph using a ph probe in both, the one containing phosphorus oxide will have a ph of 0–>2 and Sodium oxide will have a ph of 13–> 14

59
Q

State the meaning of the word Periodicity

A

Observation of Repeating patterns of physical and chemical properties occurring across a period

60
Q

Describe physical properties of silicon dioxide

A

Hard, Brittle, Insoluble, Non-Conductor

Chemistry (A2) (15 decks)

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