Period 2 review Flashcards
Cecil Calvert
Created Maryland colony that would be a Centrepoint for toleration of Catholics (British)
Act of Toleration
The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics
Roger Williams
A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual’s conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs. In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence
Providence
This settlement has founded in 1636 by Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
This Puritan believed in antinomianism and was banished from the Bay colony because of her beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth.
Antinomianism
The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation.
Rhode Island
In 1644, Parliament granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony, Rhode Island.
Halfway covenant
In the 1660s, people could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. It was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members.
Quakers
Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service.
William Penn
In 1681, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania.
Holy Experiment
William Penn wanted a colony to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself.
Charter of Liberties
In 1701, the Pennsylvania colony created this written constitution which guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration.
Rice Plantations
These plantations required a loarge land area and many slaves.
Tobacco Farms
As Tobacco prices fell, rice and indigo became the most profitable crops.
John Cabot
First Englishman to explore lands in North America which England would later settle in the early 1600’s.
Jamestown
In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location.
Captain John Smith
Because of his forceful leadership, Jamestown barely survived its first five years.
John Rolfe
He helped Jamestown develop a new variety of tobacco which became popular in Europe and became a profitable crop.
Pocahontas
She was the American Indian wife of John Rolfe in early settlement days in Jamestown.
Puritans
Group of dissenters that wanted to purify the Church of England. In 1630 they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston.
Separatists
Radical dissenters to the Church of England, They became known as Pilgrims.
Mayflower
In 1620, the boat that the Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth.
Plymouth Colony
This colony was started by the Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massachusetts).
John Winthrop
In 1630, he led about a thousand Puritans to America and and founded Boston and several other towns.
Great Migration
This movement started because of a civil war in England. Nearly 15,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Virginia
Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of Virginia use dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of the large planters.
Thomas Hooker
In 1636, he led a large group of Boston Puritans to found Hartford, which is now Connecticut. In 1639 they drew up the first written constitution in American history.
John Davenport
In 1637, he founded a settlement south of Hartford, by the name of New Haven Ct.
Connecticut
In 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form the colony of Connecticut under a royal charter.
New Hampshire
Hoping to increase royal control in the colonies, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony.
The Carolinas
n 1663, King Charles II granted eight nobles the Carolinas. In 1729, the Carolinas were split into two royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations.
Mayflower Compact
In 1620, while they were sailing to America on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims created this document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority. It was a rudimentary written constitution.
House of Burgesses
In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia’s colonists organized the first representative assembly in America
Sir William Berkeley
Royal Governor of Virginia who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. He put down Bacon’s rebellion in 1676.
Bacon’s Rebellion
In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that raided Native American villages, fought the governor’s forces, and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion was caused by the Governor’s unfair favoritism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids.
proprietary colonies
Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king
Chesapeake Colonies
In 1632, the area once known as the Virginia colony, has divided into the Virginia and Maryland colony.
mercantilism
An economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country.
Navigation Acts
Between 1650 and 1673 England passed a series of acts which establish rules for colonial trade.
Dominion of New England
James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies.
indentured servants
Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free.
headright system
A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage.
slavery
The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, they were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant.
1st permanent English colony in North America
Jamestown in 1607 in Virginia
A joint stock company was set up under..
The Virginia Company
What was the cash crop of colonial Virginia?
tobacco
What did Georgia serve as?
a buffer colony against Spanish and French threat
The New England colonies had…
religious motives for colonization.
Governor William Bradford
Governor of Plymouth; abandoned communal living and distributed farmland among families
The NE colonies valued
Importance of religion, family, and education
_____________ became an important part of direct democracy in colonial America (all church going males could participate).
Town Hall Meeting
Roger Williams Called for complete separation of _________and criticized the colonies treatment of Native Americans
church and state
New Lights vs. Old Lights
New Lights brought new ideas, rejected by Old Lights; both sought out institutions independent of each other
The Great Awakening was a ___________ in the 1730-1740s that spread throughout the colonies
religious revival
Jonathan Edwards
Preacher during the First Great Awakening; “Sinners in the hands of angry god”
George Whitefield
introduced a new energized style of evangelical preaching.
Stono Uprising, 1739 South Carolina
one of few slave revolts in Colonial America. Slaves tried to get to Florida for freedom
Salem Witch Trials: Salem, Massachusetts 1692
19 people hung and 1 pressed to death
