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APUSH > Period 2 > Flashcards

Period 2 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What Factors motivated Great Britain to establish an empire in the New World?

A

Similar to France & Spain; To spread the influence of the protestant church, competition for wealth and power, surplus population

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2
Q

Why did the Jamestown settlement struggle in its earliest years?

A

They were focused on materialistic items (Gold and Silver) rather than necessities

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3
Q

What role did John Smith play in the development of Jamestown?

A

He forced the settlers to farm and build shelter

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4
Q

What role did John Rolfe play in the development of Virginia?

A

He introduced the tobacco plant to the region (future cash crop)

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5
Q

Why was the charter of the Virginia Company such a significant document in American history?

A

It was a document that guaranteed all settlers would retain the “rights of the Englishmen”

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6
Q

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

A

established a weak democracy and government, The House was made up of wealthy & privileged representative body

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7
Q

Why was Maryland established?

A

Established (By Lord Baltimore) as a refuge for Catholics

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8
Q

What were the provisions of the Act of Toleration? Why was it a significant document in American History?

A

The Act of Toleration granted “Freedom of Religion” to any Christian-based or Christian-represented religion. It was a significant document because it was the 1st law to protect religious freedoms in the 13 colonies.

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9
Q

How did North Carolina and South Carolina differ?

A

NC attracted small farmers and social outcasts (those who could not afford any land)
SC attracted wealthy aristocrats

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10
Q

Why was Georgia established?

A

established as a haven for debtors

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11
Q

What were the distinctive features of the “plantation colonies”?

A

their cash crops were Tobacco and Rice, Their suffrage was limited to White Landowning Men (who had to own a substantial amount), had a societal caste system that consisted of Aristocrats, small farm owners, landless whites, and slaves, few schools were established, cities slowly grew, only wealthy people would afford to send their children to school or hire a tutor.

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12
Q

What factors created tension between English settlers in Virginia and Local Native Americans?

A

constant “realignment” or land taking, Headright system

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13
Q

Why were the Puritans and Speratists persecuted by English monarchs?

A

The English monarchs wanted to continue the Church of England and feared that the Puritans/Speratists were challenging their political authority

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14
Q

According to the founders of the Massachusetts Bay colony, what was the purpose of government?

A

the purpose of government is to enforce the Will of God

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15
Q

Why was Anne Hutchinson banished from the Massachusetts Bay colony?

A

Spoke publically as a woman and was a heretic, questioned doctrine

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16
Q

Why was Roger Williams forced to flee the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A

believed in religious freedom and separation of church & state,

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17
Q

How did Rhode Island differ from its neighboring colonies in New England?

A

Rhode Island was a haven for religious dissenters, 1st colony prohibited the importation of Slaves

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18
Q

What were the distinctive features of the New England colonies?

A

gap b/t rich and poor was much smaller, healthy environment and stable family life led to pop. growth, literacy rates increased, the congressional church was dominant, suffrage was limited to White Male Church Members, the Taxes supported the Congressional Church, Most people were subsistence farmers, Lumber and fish were cash crops, the shipping industry was the most popular

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19
Q

what factors created tension between New England settlers and local Native Americans?

A

Disagreements about land, and religiously provoked by Missionaries

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20
Q

Why was Great Britain interested in acquiring New York from the Dutch?

A

New York lies in the “Heart” of the British Coastal Empire

21
Q

Why was Pennsylvania established?

A

a safe haven for Quakers

22
Q

What were the distinctive features of the “middle colonies”?

A

moth ethnically/religiously diverse, suffrage was limited to White Males, Farms were intermediate-sized

23
Q

What was the significance of the peace treaty that ended the Second Angelo-Powhatan War?

A

last attempt to dislodge Virginians -> were defeated -> banned Chesapeake Indians from land

24
Q

What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

A

set up a modern constitution -> established regime democratically controlled by “substantial” citizens/ separation of powers

25
Q

How did Metacon (King Philip) attempt to resist the expansion of settlers in New England? What was Philip’s war?

A

created alliances to push against settlements -> slowed the westward march of England (Longlasting defeat of New England Indians)

26
Q

What was the purpose of the New England Confederation? What was its significance?

A

-defense against potential foes (Indians, French, Dutch)
-exclusive Puritan Club (2 Massachusetts colonies and 2 Connecticut colonies)
-weak first milestone toward colonial unity

27
Q

How did the Dominion of New England differ from the New England Confederation? What factors ultimately led to its demise?

A

Dominion of New England = created by royal authority and imposed from London (not the people)
aimed to bolster colonial defense in case of war with Indians
Designed to promote the urgency needed administration of English Navigation Law

28
Q

What were the provisions of the Half-Way Covenant? Why was it adopted? What impact did it have?

A

New formula for church membership- admit to baptism but not full communion
weakened the distinction between “elect” and others
led to witchcraft persecution- often directed at property-owning women

29
Q

How did immigration patterns in the colonies change during the 17th century? Why did those changes occur? What was the significance of those changes?

A

fewer people were willing to come to the new world due to:
-religious conflicts in England diminishing
-living conditions in England are better

30
Q

What was the significance of the population boom in the colonies?

A

shift in power -> bigger colonies -> question of how “powerful” English rule is -> Enlightenment period

31
Q

What was the significance of the outcome in the John Zenger Trial?

A

If published statements are true, they are not considered defamatory; it was a foundation for the freedom of the press

32
Q

What were the effects of the Great Awakening?

A

growing secularism -> call people back to faith -> new teaching style -> interest - > new denominations were created,

33
Q

What were the provisions of the Magna Carta?

A

king forbidden from levying taxes without the consent of nobles, citizens guaranteed due process in legal matters, limited monarchy

34
Q

What was the Glorious Revolution?

A

repetitive abuse of power -> King James ll ran out of position -> replaced by King William and Mary (Dual Monarchs) -> forced to sign the English Bill of Rights -> says what kings/queens can or cannot do in power

35
Q

What were the provisions of the English Bill of Rights?

A

outlawed standing armies in times of peace, unless approved by parliament, sets a guideline for what queens/kings can and cannot do

36
Q

How did the Enlightenment impact colonial views on government and authority?

A

thinkers focused on challenging where the power to rule comes from, which led to questioning the unlimited power of monarchs

37
Q

Why were there more men eligible to vote in the colonies than in Great Britain?

A

land ownership in the colonies was much easier to obtain

38
Q

How did colonial legislatures control the actions of royal governors?

A

controlled money, power to pass laws, have a say in appointing a governor, could use public opinion to pressure the governor into changing actions

39
Q

What were the conditions of the policy of salutary neglect?

A

allowed self rule in exchange for the colonies’ support of British economic policies and assistance with foreign wars

40
Q

According to the theory of mercantilism, how could a nation build wealth and power?

A

sell more and buy less

41
Q

What role did colonies play in a mercantilist system?

A

sold raw products to the mother country at LOW prices, purchased manufactured goods from mother country at HIGH prices, forced to buy back products

42
Q

What were the provisions of the Navigation Acts?

A

All products had to be transported via a British shop, all manufactured goods had to be purchased at a British port and they paid a tax, valuable raw materials could ONLY be sold to Great Britain, with no negotiating prices or trading

43
Q

What were the effects of the Navigation Acts on Great Britain? on the Colonies?

A

England established a thriving commercial network and London became a leading European Port

44
Q

What were the components of triangular trade?

A

Manufactured goods were shipped from Great Britain to Africa -> African slaves were shipped to North & South America -> Raw materials from North & South America were shipped to Great Britain

45
Q

Describe the Middle Passage.

A

a sea voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in which enslaved Africans were tightly packed onto crowded and unsanitary ships, in harsh conditions with sharing diseases, malnutrition, and mistreatment

46
Q

What was the dominant labor source in the colonies during the 17th century? Why?

A

Indentured Servitude; Many Europeans were willing to come to the New World (either seeking religious freedom or acquiring land)

47
Q

What were the causes and effects of Bacon’s Rebellion?

A

cause - former indentured servants struggled to find available fertile land -> government of Virginia maintained a friendly relationship with Native American Tribes in the west -> Nathaniel Bacon led a thousand men on a raid against the Native Americans
effect - People began to question the feasibility of continuing indentured servitude

48
Q

What was the dominant labor source in the colonies during the 18th century? Why?

A

African Slavery; It was codified into law and generally established as lifelong rather than temporary/short-term

49
Q

What was the purpose of “Slave Codes”?

A

to limit African Social, economic, and political autonomy as well as control the growth of free African population

APUSH (2 decks)

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