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APUSH Period One Vocab > period 1 vocab > Flashcards

period 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

adena

A

indians in the midwest, connected to hopewell of central north america, 500BC-200AD, large shaped burial mounds and extensive trade networks

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2
Q

algonquian

A

these tribes interacted with settlers at Jamestown, especially the Powhatan. fishers, hunter, farmers, shared a common language

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3
Q

anasazi

A

southwestern indians, 200BC-1500AD, pueblos

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4
Q

ancestral pueblo cultures

A

aka anasazi, 100-1600, modern day four corner arizona, new mexico, colorado and utah intersect. pueblo cultures and cliff homes

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5
Q

asiento system

A

when the enslaved natives were all dying the spanish started importing africans, but they had to pay a tax to the king for each slave

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6
Q

archaic peoples

A

indians who relied on game animals like deer and buffalo, migrated with the seasons

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7
Q

aztecs

A

controlled present day mexico until hernan cortez overtook them in 1521, extensive trade/tribute systems and human sacrifice

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8
Q

bands

A

groups of natives moving together

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9
Q

bartolome de las casa

A

first european to advocate for native’s rights

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10
Q

cahokia

A

indian trade center near st louis in 1200 ad

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11
Q

catholic counter reformation

A

period of catholic resurgence in response to the protestant reformation in 1545-1563

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12
Q

chiefdoms

A

society governed by a chief

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13
Q

christopher columbus

A

first european to land in the new world

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14
Q

church of england

A

anglican church, king was the head

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15
Q

columbian exchange

A

exchanges between the old world, the new world and africa (aka triangular trade)

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16
Q

compass

A

made traveling in open waters more accurate

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17
Q

conquistadores

A

general term for any spanish explorers looking to conquer natives

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18
Q

corn

A

increased peasant pops in the old world, main crop of the new world (called maize)

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19
Q

disease

A

killed off majority of natives weakening them to not be able to successfully fend off europeans

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20
Q

encomienda system

A

natives were assigned to settlers for a certain amount of time

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21
Q

extended family

A

extension of nuclear families

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22
Q

ferdinand and isabella

A

strengthened their authority through the wealth of trade

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23
Q

francisco pizarro

A

conquered the incas in 1475

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24
Q

chinook

A

Native Americans encountered by Lewis and Clark; Canoe builders, navigators, traders, fishers; 1600s; Lower Columbia R.; First peaceful encounter between Natives and newcomers

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25
henry hudson
english explorer who discovered the hudson river in the netherlands and sailed for the dutch
26
henry the navigator
portugese prince who thought that explorers could find a short cut around africa to asia
27
hernan cortez
defeated the aztec empire
28
hohokam
ag society of the southwest, elaborate canal systems, perm villages, mounds
29
hopewell
connected with the anasazi in the southwest, pueblos
30
horses
transformed native cultures into highly mobile hunting societies in the great plains
31
incas
peru, potatos, highly advanced, had surplus, roads, the largest native empire
32
iroquois confederacy
made up of the mohawk, seneca, cayugga, onondanga, onedia in ohia
33
jacques cartier
french sailor who explored the st lawrence river in 1543-1542 searching for a northwest passage from america to asia
34
john cabot
explored the ne coast in 1497 and 1498, claiming nova scotia, newfoundland and the great banks for england
35
juan de onate and battle of acoma
led a group of men into the rio grande valley in 1598 and abused the pueblo people, in the battle in 1599 they cut a foot off of each surviving native and established new mexico
36
juan gines de sepulveda
defended the "right" to conquer natives
37
kongo
most powerful and centralized kingdom along the african coast
38
lakota sioux
sioux tribes that drifted westward across the missouri river, tepees and buffalo, traders
39
land bridge
how natives divided up into different tribes with different languages and cultures
40
longhouses
wooden home that had 3-5 fireplaces were two related nuclear families lived
41
mali
large empire in west africa, capital was timbuktum a center for trade and education
42
mayas
300bc-900ad in the yucatan region of mexico
43
mesoamerica
region of culture of pre columbian societies
44
mestizo
a person of native and european heritage
45
mississippian indians
mound builders in settled farming communities along the ohia and mississippi river valleys
46
nation state
form of political society that combines centralized government with a high degree of ethnic and cultural unity
47
new france
french colonies extending from st lawrence river to the great lakes to the mississippi river valley
48
new laws of 1542
series of laws created to regulate the spanish enslavement of natives
49
new mexico
established by juan de onate after the war of acoma in 1598
50
new netherlands
colony established in 1620s for fur trade
51
new slavery
north american slavery
52
new spain
tightly controlled new world empire relying on encomienda and asiento labor systems
53
nuclear families
direct relation, parents and children
54
paleo indians
first natives of north and south america
55
poverty point
native community and trade center near the mississippi and ohio river valleys
56
predestination
calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned
57
primogeniture
british law that first born sons inheret estate
58
printing press
invented by johann gutenberg in 1454, spread knowledge leading to interest of exploring the new world
59
protestant reformation
ended legal trade between britain and the colonies
60
puritans
mayflower pilgrims in 1620 escaping the anglican church
61
reciprocity
idea of trade pacts including mutually beneficial charges to tariffs
62
renaissance
revolution 15th 16th and 17th century europe that motivated new world exploration
63
roanoke island
first english settlement in 1587 off the coast of north carolina, no one knows what happened
64
samuel de champlain
french explorer who's greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the st lawrence riverand his settlement of quebec
65
sextant
navigation instrument that measured the degree and altitude of celestial bodies
66
silver
had slaves mining silver
67
siouan
native language family spreading form the saskatchewan to the lower mississippi
68
slavery
natives enslaved under the encomienda system and africans under asiento
69
smallpox
killed and weakened the mass majority of native pop.
70
spanish mission system
established by franciscan monks that forced the natives to convert and work as ag laborers
71
st augustine
spanish fortress in 1565, oldest continually inhabited european settlement in the US
72
sugar
sugar plantations off african slave labor in the carribean
73
sun dance
federal gov tried to ban this sacred native dance
74
3 sister farming
ag system of natives, beans, squash and maize
75
treaty of tordesillas
agreement between portugal and spain in 1494 that land west of an imaginary line in the atlantic ocean went to spain and east went to portugal
76
valladolid debate
bartolome de las casas argued natives were creations of God and deserved rights juan gines de sepulveda thought that the natives should be slaves bc of their "crimes against God and nature"
77
wampum
symbolic words of symphathy
78
woodland mound builders
placed their dead in large burial mounds, placing them top to bottom according to hierarchy
79
zambo
term used in spanish and portugese colonies to describe someone of african or native ancestry

APUSH Period One Vocab (1 decks)

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