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APUSH Period One Vocab > period 1 vocab > Flashcards

period 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

adena

A

indians in the midwest, connected to hopewell of central north america, 500BC-200AD, large shaped burial mounds and extensive trade networks

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2
Q

algonquian

A

these tribes interacted with settlers at Jamestown, especially the Powhatan. fishers, hunter, farmers, shared a common language

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3
Q

anasazi

A

southwestern indians, 200BC-1500AD, pueblos

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4
Q

ancestral pueblo cultures

A

aka anasazi, 100-1600, modern day four corner arizona, new mexico, colorado and utah intersect. pueblo cultures and cliff homes

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5
Q

asiento system

A

when the enslaved natives were all dying the spanish started importing africans, but they had to pay a tax to the king for each slave

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6
Q

archaic peoples

A

indians who relied on game animals like deer and buffalo, migrated with the seasons

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7
Q

aztecs

A

controlled present day mexico until hernan cortez overtook them in 1521, extensive trade/tribute systems and human sacrifice

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8
Q

bands

A

groups of natives moving together

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9
Q

bartolome de las casa

A

first european to advocate for native’s rights

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10
Q

cahokia

A

indian trade center near st louis in 1200 ad

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11
Q

catholic counter reformation

A

period of catholic resurgence in response to the protestant reformation in 1545-1563

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12
Q

chiefdoms

A

society governed by a chief

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13
Q

christopher columbus

A

first european to land in the new world

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14
Q

church of england

A

anglican church, king was the head

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15
Q

columbian exchange

A

exchanges between the old world, the new world and africa (aka triangular trade)

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16
Q

compass

A

made traveling in open waters more accurate

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17
Q

conquistadores

A

general term for any spanish explorers looking to conquer natives

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18
Q

corn

A

increased peasant pops in the old world, main crop of the new world (called maize)

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19
Q

disease

A

killed off majority of natives weakening them to not be able to successfully fend off europeans

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20
Q

encomienda system

A

natives were assigned to settlers for a certain amount of time

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21
Q

extended family

A

extension of nuclear families

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22
Q

ferdinand and isabella

A

strengthened their authority through the wealth of trade

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23
Q

francisco pizarro

A

conquered the incas in 1475

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24
Q

chinook

A

Native Americans encountered by Lewis and Clark; Canoe builders, navigators, traders, fishers; 1600s; Lower Columbia R.; First peaceful encounter between Natives and newcomers

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25
Q

henry hudson

A

english explorer who discovered the hudson river in the netherlands and sailed for the dutch

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26
Q

henry the navigator

A

portugese prince who thought that explorers could find a short cut around africa to asia

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27
Q

hernan cortez

A

defeated the aztec empire

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28
Q

hohokam

A

ag society of the southwest, elaborate canal systems, perm villages, mounds

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29
Q

hopewell

A

connected with the anasazi in the southwest, pueblos

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30
Q

horses

A

transformed native cultures into highly mobile hunting societies in the great plains

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31
Q

incas

A

peru, potatos, highly advanced, had surplus, roads, the largest native empire

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32
Q

iroquois confederacy

A

made up of the mohawk, seneca, cayugga, onondanga, onedia in ohia

33
Q

jacques cartier

A

french sailor who explored the st lawrence river in 1543-1542 searching for a northwest passage from america to asia

34
Q

john cabot

A

explored the ne coast in 1497 and 1498, claiming nova scotia, newfoundland and the great banks for england

35
Q

juan de onate and battle of acoma

A

led a group of men into the rio grande valley in 1598 and abused the pueblo people, in the battle in 1599 they cut a foot off of each surviving native and established new mexico

36
Q

juan gines de sepulveda

A

defended the “right” to conquer natives

37
Q

kongo

A

most powerful and centralized kingdom along the african coast

38
Q

lakota sioux

A

sioux tribes that drifted westward across the missouri river, tepees and buffalo, traders

39
Q

land bridge

A

how natives divided up into different tribes with different languages and cultures

40
Q

longhouses

A

wooden home that had 3-5 fireplaces were two related nuclear families lived

41
Q

mali

A

large empire in west africa, capital was timbuktum a center for trade and education

42
Q

mayas

A

300bc-900ad in the yucatan region of mexico

43
Q

mesoamerica

A

region of culture of pre columbian societies

44
Q

mestizo

A

a person of native and european heritage

45
Q

mississippian indians

A

mound builders in settled farming communities along the ohia and mississippi river valleys

46
Q

nation state

A

form of political society that combines centralized government with a high degree of ethnic and cultural unity

47
Q

new france

A

french colonies extending from st lawrence river to the great lakes to the mississippi river valley

48
Q

new laws of 1542

A

series of laws created to regulate the spanish enslavement of natives

49
Q

new mexico

A

established by juan de onate after the war of acoma in 1598

50
Q

new netherlands

A

colony established in 1620s for fur trade

51
Q

new slavery

A

north american slavery

52
Q

new spain

A

tightly controlled new world empire relying on encomienda and asiento labor systems

53
Q

nuclear families

A

direct relation, parents and children

54
Q

paleo indians

A

first natives of north and south america

55
Q

poverty point

A

native community and trade center near the mississippi and ohio river valleys

56
Q

predestination

A

calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned

57
Q

primogeniture

A

british law that first born sons inheret estate

58
Q

printing press

A

invented by johann gutenberg in 1454, spread knowledge leading to interest of exploring the new world

59
Q

protestant reformation

A

ended legal trade between britain and the colonies

60
Q

puritans

A

mayflower pilgrims in 1620 escaping the anglican church

61
Q

reciprocity

A

idea of trade pacts including mutually beneficial charges to tariffs

62
Q

renaissance

A

revolution 15th 16th and 17th century europe that motivated new world exploration

63
Q

roanoke island

A

first english settlement in 1587 off the coast of north carolina, no one knows what happened

64
Q

samuel de champlain

A

french explorer who’s greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the st lawrence riverand his settlement of quebec

65
Q

sextant

A

navigation instrument that measured the degree and altitude of celestial bodies

66
Q

silver

A

had slaves mining silver

67
Q

siouan

A

native language family spreading form the saskatchewan to the lower mississippi

68
Q

slavery

A

natives enslaved under the encomienda system and africans under asiento

69
Q

smallpox

A

killed and weakened the mass majority of native pop.

70
Q

spanish mission system

A

established by franciscan monks that forced the natives to convert and work as ag laborers

71
Q

st augustine

A

spanish fortress in 1565, oldest continually inhabited european settlement in the US

72
Q

sugar

A

sugar plantations off african slave labor in the carribean

73
Q

sun dance

A

federal gov tried to ban this sacred native dance

74
Q

3 sister farming

A

ag system of natives, beans, squash and maize

75
Q

treaty of tordesillas

A

agreement between portugal and spain in 1494 that land west of an imaginary line in the atlantic ocean went to spain and east went to portugal

76
Q

valladolid debate

A

bartolome de las casas argued natives were creations of God and deserved rights
juan gines de sepulveda thought that the natives should be slaves bc of their “crimes against God and nature”

77
Q

wampum

A

symbolic words of symphathy

78
Q

woodland mound builders

A

placed their dead in large burial mounds, placing them top to bottom according to hierarchy

79
Q

zambo

A

term used in spanish and portugese colonies to describe someone of african or native ancestry

APUSH Period One Vocab (1 decks)

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