Period 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards
name 4 societies of the southwest
- Pueblo
- Anasazi
- Zunis
- Hopis
where Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico meet
The Four Corners
why were the Pueblos weakened to European contact?
They were forced to move out of their sophisticated towns and join other groups when a volcano erupted.
name 3 societies of the Great Basin/Great Plains
- Shoshone
- Paiute
- Ute
What is the Great Basin
area between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Mountains
what is Desert Culture
- Great Basin
- Seasonable mobility
- Basket weaving
name 2 societies of the East
- Algonquian
- iroquois
Tribes that settled in the Southwest; had culture based on farming & irrigation systems with permanent buildings
Anasazi and Pueblo
Northwestern tribes…
Lived in permanent longhouses that had a rich diet based on hunting & fishing
the Great Plains Indians are…
Tribe that was
- nomadic OR farmers/traders
- hunted buffalo
-raised maize, beans & squash
Where did the Pueblo live?
Now Utah and Colorado
what made the Pueblo unique?
- Irrigation systems
- Small urban centers
- Cliff dwellings
The Chumash…
- Built cities with more than a thousand people
- Participated in regional trade systems
The Cahokia…
- Had a centralized government
- lived in the Mississippi pi river valley
- were farmers
- 10-30 000 people
The American Indians…
- developed distinct societies
- were affected by their environments
- used vast trading networks
Why did the Europeans seek out new trade routes?
- Asian trade routes were controlled by the muslims
Define “Trading Post Empire”
Controlling trade routes instead of territories or people.
forcing vessels to dock at your post and pay duties.
Who built the first Trading Post Empire?
Portugal in the Indian Ocean.
Name new maritime tech:
- Updated astronomical charts
- Smaller/faster ship designs
- Latine sail
- Stern-Post ruter
What is the Colombian Exchange?
The transfer of people, animals and diseases from the East to the West and the West to the East
What foods were exchanged from the Americas to Europe?
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Maize
Turkey
What foods were exchanged from Europe to the Americas?
Wheat
Rice
Soybeans
Cows
Pigs
Horses
Most important European exchanges:
- People (Europeans)
- People (Africans)
- Disease
Define Feudalism
Peasants live/work on a noble’s land in exchange for the noble’s protection
What effect did American wealth have on European society/econ.?
Feudalism shifted into Capitalism
What is a Joint-Stock company?
A limited liability org. in which a plurality of investors pool their money to fund ventures
What did the Spanish think could make them the most money?
Agriculture
What is the Encomienda System/
- Colonial labour system
- the Spanish (encomenderos) enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas
What were the problems with Encomienda?
- Trouble keeping the natives under control
- Natives kept dying from Small Pox
What was the solution to Encomienda problems?
importation of African Slave labourers
Why were Africans a better option for encomienda compared to natives?
- Did not know the geography
- less likely to escape
- more immune to European diseases
How did the Spanish reorder South American society?
- introduced new social class system (casta system)
What is the order of the casta system?
- peninsulares (spanish born in Spain)
- Criollos (spanish born in Americas)
- Castas (mixed)
- Africans
- Native Americans
define Mulattoe:
mixed African and Spanish
define mestizo:
mixed Native and Spanish
What did Spulveda argue?
Natives are less than human and benefited from harsh labour conditions
what did Las Casas believe?
The Natives humanity was worthy of defence (persuaded king to end native slavery)
