Period 1 (1450-1648) Flashcards
individualism
emphasis on individual thought and expression –> separating oneself from the crowd in terms of ideas and creations
Renaissance
the period in which European culture (art, literature, philosophy, politics) centered around Greek and Roman ideas and thoughts. the Renaissance began in Italy for a few reasons. There was a large economic boom that allowed people to purchase and be more interested in art and culture, Italy had close access to Greece and used to be the center of the Roman empire, and they were not as involved in the Protestant Reformation of the north
new wealth in the Renaissance
merchant class workers and families who wanted a share of wealth and power that came with nobility
Medici family
a family of wealthy Florentine bankers who rose up to power from banking and later became dukes of the city-state
humanism
a way of studying that supposedly emulated how ancient Greeks and Romans would study.
Francesco Petrarch
father of humanism
civic humanists
used Cicero’s (Roman politician’s) ideas to serve the public as a new generation of politicians. Often worked in diplomatic offices and stressed the importance of writing history and politics down for future generations
Neoplatonism
a revival of the Platonic belief that a single supreme being is the source of life and reason for everything in the universe combined with Christianity
hermeticism
the belief that humans were created in the divine but chose to live in a material world. it was generally associated with alchemy, astrology, and mysticism.
hermeticism
the belief that humans were created in the divine but chose to live in a material world. it was generally associated with alchemy, astrology, and mysticism.
defining characteristics of renaissance art
Greco-roman architecture, frescoes, religious art, play with light/shadow, single point perspective
chiaroscuro
contrast between light and dark
mannerism
distorted figures and themes to demonstrate the conflict between Italian religion and politics
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance artist, architect and scientist famous for his inventions and paintings
Raphael
artist of the High Renaissance who was famous for his paintings of both Greco-Roman and Christian subjects. He also famously mixed these topics with modern culture including other artists in his paintings
Michelangelo
sculptor, artist, an architect of the High/Late Renaissance who completed works for several popes leaving a significant influence on Rome and the Vatican. However, Julius II later had doubts on Michelangelo’s work after his works in the Sistine Chapel were considered too revealing.
Northern Renaissance
more religious than the Italian Renaissance, intent on understanding + connecting with religion, often critique or adaptation of religion (Protestant Reformation)
Desiderius Erasmus
Christian Humanist monk who emphasized inner faith, created a new translation of the New Testament, and encouraged textual analysis of church documents. However, he only intended to reform the church, not separate or abandon entirely
Christian Humanist
someone who uses humanist ideas to critique the Catholic Church without dissenting from it
Sir Thomas More
Another Christian Humanist who wrote on many aspects of the contemporary society and attempted to devise solutions for political/economic injustices. He also critiqued elements of the church, however he gave his life for refusing to recognize Henry VIII as head of the CoE
Elizabethan Renaissance
cultural awakening in England including art, theatre, and literature that went along with the growth of the CoE
Johannes Gutenberg
inventor of the printing press and creator of the first mass-printed and available bible
Protestant Reformation
attempted reformation of the Catholic Church that created a separate branch of Christianity that removed the Pope as the authoritative figure
Catholic Reformation
reformation of the Catholic Church in response to the popularity of the Protestant Reformation
Black Death
14th-century plague in Europe
