Period 1

Question 1

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 1

The pope divides the world for Portugal and Spain to colonize and catholicize. Spain is granted the Americas but not Brazil.

Question 2

Spainish Conquistadors

Answer 2

Led expeditions to explore and plunder the American interior. Encomienda system gives them responsibility for converting and supporting all the Native Americans in a certain area in exchange for the right to tax them.

Question 3

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 3

Spanish Franciscan monks establish missions in New Mexico, forcing the Native Americans to convert and abandon all earlier beliefs. Lead by Pope, the pueblo Natives successfully pushed the Spanish out for a decade. Later Spanish were more flexible and willing to coexist with the Native Americans.

Question 4

The Colombian Exchange

Answer 4

The Diffusion of plants, animals, and diseases between the new and old world. The old world diseases decimate Native American populations making conquest easier. Corn and potatoes form the new world cause a population boom in Europe which leads to more immigration to the new world.

Question 5

Bartolome De Las Casas

Answer 5

Spanish Dominican Friar who opposed his countries harsh treatment of the Native Americans in his book “ A Short account of the Destruction of the Indies.”

Question 6

Mercantilism

Answer 6

An economic theory that defined wealth by amount of gold reserves. European powers established colonies to boost their access to raw materials ( Whether gold, furs or tobacco) and limit imports from other countries)

Question 7

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 7

Privateer who named Virginia after queen Elizabeth and financed the unsuccessful Ronaoke colony

Question 8

Jamestown’s early struggles

Answer 8

The location in a malarial swamp, focus on treasure-seeking and being surrounded by the Powhatan Confederacy led to the “starving time” winder of 1609.

Question 9

Chesapeake bay cash crop

Answer 9

After John Rolfe pioneers the growing labor intensive tobacco, migration to the chesapeake bay increases as the headright system grands wealthy planters 50 acres for each indentured servant the pay to bring over.

Question 10

Rise of hereditary chattel slavery

Answer 10

The first Africans arrive in Jamestown in 1619 and are treated similarly to indentured servants. The Profitability of Tobacco, longer life spans, and few indentured servants and lower prices for slave led to the gradually codifying of slavery through laws that defined Africans as property.

Question 11

Bacons Rebellion

Answer 11

Nathaniel Bacon leads back country farmers who have less desirable land and more risk of Native attack in a revolt against the eastern seaboard elite planters. Afterward planters shift from indentured servants to African slaves.

Question 12

House of Burgesses

Answer 12

The first elected representative assembly in the British colonies, established in Jamestown in 1619.

Question 13

Emuel de Champlain

Answer 13

Founder of Quebec in the St. Lawrence River. French fur traders and Jesuit priests partnered with great lakes tribes like Algonquin and Huron rather than enslaving or pushing them off their land.

Question 14

The Mayflower Compact

Answer 14

Governing documents signed by all separatist pilgrim “saints”as well as “strangers” who settled in Plymouth in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Governed by William Bradford the early Pilgrims were helped by the disease weakened Wampanoag tribe.

Question 15

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 15

Settled by middle class English Puritan families in tightly knit townships with substance farms surrounding the church, Declared by Governor John Winthrop to be a “city apon a hill” example to the Anglican church

Question 16

Puritan Theocracy

Answer 16

Puritans were a persecuted minority in England who become a persecuting majority in Massachusetts. Only male church members could vote, and dissenters like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were forced to leave.

Question 17

Puritan Work Ethic

Answer 17

As Calvinists who believed god had pre-destined everyone for salvation or damnation, Puritans believed pious living and material prosperity despite New England’s rocky soil were signs that the were the elect or visible saints

Question 18

Praying towns

Answer 18

Communities founded by Puritan John Eliott to convert Native Americans. Overall the British were less interested in converting natives than French or Spanish.

Question 19

Old Deluder Act

Answer 19

Puritans valued literacy so individuals could access God’s work directly, In addition to founding Harvard for the training of new ministers they passes this law requiring that any Massachusetts township with more than 50 families had to provide public schooling.

Question 20

King Phillips War

Answer 20

Wampanoag chief Metacom lead a coalition of tribes in a last ditch attempt to stop puritan encroachment on other lands. The bloodiest war per capita in American history killed more than 20% of the New England colonists and more natives.

Question 21

no established church

Answer 21

Colonies with the most religous freedom include 1, Rhode Island which was founded by Rodger Williams who believed forced religion stinks in gods nostrils. 2 Pennsylvania, founded by Quaker William Penn and 3, Maryland, founded by catholic Lord Baltimore.

Question 22

Stono Rebellion

Answer 22

The largest slave rebellion of the colonial period happened in South Carolina where over 60% of the populations were Africans enslaved on rice, indigo or cotton plantations. The out-numbered whites’ fear of copy cat revolts led to harsh slave codes restriction slaves’ ability to gather learn to read or written or leave plantations.

Question 23

James Oglethrope

Answer 23

Founder of Georgia. Originally intended as a colony for debtors to work off debts by producing silk and wine for the mother country, Georgia quickly became a slaved based plantation society.

Question 24

Benign or Salutary Neglect

Answer 24

Before the French and Indian war, British colonies were used to autonomy and no interference from Britain. The mercantilist navigation acts restricted colonial trade and manufacturing but were loosely enforced.

Question 25

Middle passage

Answer 25

Refers to the forced emigration of Africans to America. It was the second leg of a triangular trade network. New England rum sold to Africa for slaves, sold to Caribbean for molasses, which was old back to New England