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Periodontology > Perio Revision > Flashcards

Perio Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Name the important pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis

A

P. Gingivalis
P. Intermedia
T. Forsythia
T. Denticola

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2
Q

Describe an overactive immune response for periodontitis

A

Lots of inflammatory mediators which cause long standing inflammation and destruction of tissues

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3
Q

Describe an under active immune response for periodontitis

A

Host immune reaction is lessened, and therefore the biofilm is allowed to grow and diversify, resulting in destruction of tissues

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4
Q

Give examples of systemic risk factors for periodontitis

A 
(Modifiable and non-modifiable)
Age
Genetic factors/hereditary
Hormonal changes (pregnancy/puberty)
Smoking
Poorly controlled diabetes
Osteoporosis
Medications
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5
Q

Give examples of local risk factors of periodontitis

A

Calculus

Overhanging restorations

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6
Q

What is another common risk factor in periodontitis

A

Poor dental attendance

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7
Q

Name the different probes used in perio patients

A 
CPITN/BPE Probe
PCP 12 Probe
UNC Probe
William’s Probe
Naber’s Probe
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8
Q

Describe a BPE Probe

A

0.5mm ball point end

Black band from 3.5mm - 5.5mm

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9
Q

Describe a PCP 12 Probe and when it is used

A

Black bands from 3-6mm and 9-12mm

Used for 6 point pocket charts

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10
Q

Describe a UNC probe

A

Bands every mm from 1-15

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11
Q

Describe a William’s probe

A

Black bands from 1-3, 5 and 7-10mm

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12
Q

What is the Naber’s probe used for

A

Used for measuring furcation areas

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13
Q

Describe a BPE score of 0

A 
Black band of CPITN probe is completely visible
No probing depths of >3.5mm
No bleeding on probing
No plaque retentive factors
No need for periodontal treatment
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14
Q

Describe a BPE score of 1

A 
Black band of CPITN probe is still completely visible
No probing depths >3.5mm
No plaque retentive factors
Bleeding on probing
Treatment - OHI
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15
Q

Describe a BPE score of 2

A

Black band of CPITN probe still completely visible
No probing depths of >3.5mm
Plaque retentive factors present
Bleeding on probing
Treatment - OHI, removal of plaque retentive factors including all supra- and sub-gingival calculus

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16
Q

Describe a BPE score of 3

A

Black band of CPITN probe partially visible
Probing depths of between 3.5mm and 5.5mm
Bleeding can occur
Plaque retentive factors often present
Treatment - OHI, RSD

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17
Q

Describe a BPE score of 4

A

Black band of CPITN probe no longer visible
Probing depths greater than 6mm
Bleeding can occur
Plaque retentive factors often present
Treatment - OHI, RSD, assess the need for more complex treatment, referral to a specialist may be needed

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18
Q

Describe furcation involvement and how it is treated

A

Measure of intra-radicular bone loss
Use a Naber’s probe to assess it grade 1-3
Treatment - OHI, RSD, assess the need for more complex treatment, referral to a specialist may be required

19
Q

What is a 6 point pocket chart

A

A specialist investigation used to gather more information about the level of periodontal disease the patient has

20
Q

When should a six point pocket chart be taken

A

A full mouth 6PPC is any sextant scores a BPE 4/* or if more than one sextant scores a BPE 3

21
Q

Which surfaces of teeth are examined in a 6PPC

A

Palatal/lingual:
Mesial
Mid
Distal

Buccal:
Mesial
Mid
Distal

22
Q

What does a 6PPC measure

A 
Position of gingival margin
Probing depths
Clinical attachment loss
Bleeding on probing
Mobility
Furcation involvement
23
Q

What is the position of the gingival margin and how is it measured

A

Where the gingiva sits in relation to the ACJ

Measured using the PCP12 probe

24
Q

What are probing depths and how are they measured

A

The depth of the periodontal pocket being measured

Measure from the base of the pocket to the gingival margin using a PCP12 probe

25
Q

What is clinical attachment loss

A

A measure of how much supporting tissue attachment has been lost in relation to periodontal health where there would be little/no attachment loss

26
Q

How is clinical attachment loss calculated

A

By adding the position of the gingival margin to the probing depths

27
Q

What is important to note during the calculation of clinical attachment loss

A

Sometimes the gingival margin can sit coronal to the ACJ (swelling, hyperplasia etc.)
In this case, the position of the gingival margin is given a negative value

28
Q

How is tooth mobility measured

A

With the ends of two rigid instruments eg - mirror and probe, or with one instrument and a finger

29
Q

Describe a tooth mobility score of 0

A

‘Physiological’ mobility measured at the crown level

The tooth is mobile within the alveolus to approximately 0.1 - 0.2mm in a horizontal direction

30
Q

Describe a tooth mobility score of 1

A

Increased mobility of the crown of the tooth to, at the most, 1mm in a horizontal direction

31
Q

Describe a tooth mobility score of 2

A

Visually increased mobility of the crown of the tooth exceeding 1mm in a horizontal direction

32
Q

Describe a tooth mobility score of 3

A

Severe mobility of the crown of the tooth in both horizontal and vertical directions, impinging on the function of the tooth

33
Q

How is furcation involvement measured

A

In thirds:
Grade 1 = 1/3 of the tooth width
Grade 2 = 2/3 of the tooth width
Grade 3 = 3/3 or 100% of the tooth width

34
Q

Name the different scalers used in perio patients

A 
Colombia Curette
Mini-Sickle
Hoe 134-135
Hoe 156-157
Gracey 1-2
Gracey 7-8
Gracey 11-12
Gracey 13-14
35
Q

Describe a Colombia Curette scaler

A 
Red
2 cutting edges
Used for all tooth surfaces
Used sub gingivally
Semi-circular cross-section
36
Q

Describe a Mini-Sickle scaler

A 
Red
2 cutting edges
Used on buccal and lingual surfaces
Used supra-gingivally
Triangular cross-section
37
Q

Describe a Hoe 134-135 scaler

A

Yellow
Removes gross caries
Used on buccal and lingual surfaces
Used supra- and sub-gingivally

38
Q

Describe a Hoe 156-157 scaler

A

Red
Removes gross caries
Used on mesial and distal surfaces
Used supra- and sub-gingivally

39
Q

Describe a Gracey 1-2 scaler

A 
Grey
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used on anterior teeth
Used on all surfaces
40
Q

Describe a Gracey 7-8 scaler

A 
Green
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used on posterior teeth
Used on buccal and lingual surfaces
41
Q

Describe a Gracey 1-12 scaler

A 
Orange
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used on posterior teeth
Used on the mesial surface
42
Q

Describe a Gracey 13-14 scaler

A 
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used in posterior teeth
Used on the distal surface
43
Q

What is TIPPS

A

An intervention used to help patient change their behaviour/attitude towards their oral hygiene routine, there are 5 steps

44
Q

Name and describe the steps of TIPPS

A

Talk - to the patient about the causes of periodontitis
Instruct - on the best ways to ensure plaque removal
Plan - put into place a plan which specifies how the patient will incorporate the given instructions into their routine
Practice - ask the patient to practice cleaning their teeth in the dental surgery
Support - the patient at subsequent visits

Periodontology (3 decks)

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