Perineum and External Genitalia- Week 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 main pelvic differences
Pevlic Inlet in women is circular, men is heart shaped
pelvic outlet- wider and shorter with straight ischial spines and male ischial spines are medially
Pubic arch- female have larger arch (85 degrees) mmale have about 60 arch
Explain what direction the pelvic inlet, urogenital triangle, and anal triangle face
Pelvic inlet- superior and anterior
Urogenital traiangle- inferiorly and almost horizontal
Anal triangle- vertical and posterior
Explain the greater and lesser pelvis
GREATER PELVIS (false pelvis, major pelvis), Superior to the pelvic brim, Location of some abdominal viscera (ileum, sigmoid colon)
LESSER PELVIS (true pelvis, minor pelvis), Between pelvic inlet (brim) and outlet, Location of pelvic viscera
What two muscle form the pelvic floor and what’s its function
- Levator ani and 2. Coccygeus muscle
Serve as the bed for pelvic organ, close pelvic outlet, support abdominopelvic viscera, resist increase in intraabdominal pressure, control the openings of the rectom
It attaches attach along the pubis, lateral pelvic wall, sacrum and coccyx
Muscles of the lateral pelvic wall
Obturator internus - flat, fan shapred muscles that forms a tendon that leaves through the less sciatic foramen. Makes a 90 degree bend around the ischium between the ischian spine and ischial tuberosity
Piriformis - is triangular in shape and originates in the pelvic cavity and then passes laterally through the greater sciatic foramen, crosses the posterosuperior aspect of the hip joint, and inserts on the femur.
Location, shape and borders of the perineum
How many triangles and name them?
Location: inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
Shape: diamond-shaped region
Borders: pubic symphysis, pubic arches, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx
2 triangles: (an imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities divides the perineum into 2 triangles)
1, anterior (urogenital) triangle
- posterior (ischioanal) triangle
Boundries of the urogenital triangle
Pubic symptsis anterioraly attaches to ischiopubic rami and then to ischial tuberosities.
There’s an imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities
Contents- muscles, organ, VAN, erectile tissues, glangs
It subdivides to the deep perineal and superficial perineal space
What is the deep perineal space ? Whats in it in males?
Name the fascia borders
An area of muscle, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
Inferior fascia is the perineal membrane and the upper surface is called superior fasicia
In male the deep space has
- External urethral sphincter
- Deep transverse perineal muscle
- Bulburethral gland
- Blood vessel, nerves, lymphatics
Where is the superficial perineal space?
What is in and what encloses it?
It’s inferior to the deep perineal space
Enclosed by the perineal membrane above and the superficial perineal(colles) fascia below.
Superficial pernial space has the roots of the penis, muscles and nerves
Explain the parts of penis in the superficial perineal space
Crus of penis on lateral edges covered by the ischiocavernosus muscle
Bulb of penis centrally covered by the bulbospgiosos muscle
Explain the sides of the penis. Name of tissue and muscle and function
They are paired erectile tissues anchored to the ischiopubic ramus by the Crurs
They join at the midline to form the Corpus Cavernosum which terminates clsoe to the gland of the penis. The curura aand parts of the body are covered by the ischiocavernosus muscle.
deep arteries of the penis within the center of the corpus cavernosa provide blood for an erection.
Explain the single tube of the penis. Name of tissue and muscle and function
anchored to the perineal membrane by the Bulb of the Penis.
• Corpus spongiosum encloses the penile part of the urethra.
• terminates to form the glans penis.
• The corpus spongiosum is covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle.
• Glans penis is the terminal part of the corpus spongiosum and is covered by the prepuce (foreskin).
• Circumcision is the surgical removal of the prepuce.
Explain the cross sectional antomy og the male external genitalia
Paired Corpus Cavernosum wiht the deep penile artery
then there is anterior corpus spongiosum with the central penile urethra.
They are surroneded by tunica albuginea (dense fibrous tissue)
Posteriior to the corpus cavernosum there is a centerl deep dorsal vein with pair dorsal penile artery and Nerve to its right and left.
POsterior to that are pair superficial dorsal penile veins.
What is in the deep perineal space for women?
- External urethral sphincter.
- Deep transverse perineal muscle.
- blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics
It lies below the uterus and vagina and above the superficial perineal space
What is the superficial perineal space
INferior to the deep perineal space and enclosed by the pernineal membrane above and the superifical perneal (colles) fascia below.
- Superficial Perineal Space contains roots of the external genitalia, muscles, and nerves.
- 3 pairs of muscles:
- Ischiocavernosus - cover the root of the clitoris (paired crus)
- Bulbospongiosus - covers the bulb of the vestibule
- Superficial transverse perineal – stabilizes the perineal body.
Name and describe all parts of the external female genitalia.
- Mons pubis. A rounded area superficial to the pubic symphysis containing adipose tissue.
- Labia majora. Paired longitudinal ridges of skin that are inferior to the mons pubis.
- Labia minora. Paired hairless skin ridges flanking a midline space known as the vestibule.
- Vestibule an area containing the urethra and the vagina.
- greater vestibular glands - release mucus into the vestibule for lubrication
- Clitoris is the junction of the labia minora folds that consists of erectile tissue that is continuous with two crura (corpora cavernosa), and a glans.
