perineum

Question 1

What is the shape of the pelvis?

Answer 1

Bowl shaped cavity divided into 2 regions.

Question 2

What are the two regions of the pelvis?

Answer 2

False pelvis (greater pelvis) and True pelvis (lesser pelvis).

Question 3

What is the false pelvis?

Answer 3

Part of the abdominal cavity.

Question 4

What are the components of the true pelvis?

Answer 4

Inlet, Outlet (floor and perineum), and Walls.

Question 5

What is located anterior to the sacrum?

Answer 5

Anterior superior iliac spine.

Question 6

What is the anal aperture?

Answer 6

An opening located in the pelvic cavity.

Question 7

What does the true pelvis contain?

Answer 7

Pelvic cavity, sacrum, and coccyx.

Question 8

What is the perineum?

Answer 8

The area located below the pelvic cavity.

Question 10

What is the perineum?

Answer 10

The area enclosed by the boundaries of the pelvic outlet and below the pelvic floor (muscles and fascia).

Question 11

What does the perineum contain?

Answer 11

It contains external genitalia and openings of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems.

Question 12

What are the functions of the perineum?

Answer 12

It contains and supports the bladder, rectum, anal canal, and reproductive tracts.

Question 13

What does the perineum anchor?

Answer 13

It anchors the roots of the external genitalia (erectile tissues and skeletal muscles).

Question 14

What are the components of the urinary system mentioned?

Answer 14

Bladder and urethra.

Question 15

What are the components of the reproductive system mentioned?

Answer 15

Uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina, seminal vesicle, and prostate.

Question 16

What are the components of the gastrointestinal system mentioned?

Answer 16

Rectum, anal canal, and anal aperture.

Question 17

What are the three elements that form the pelvic bone?

Answer 17

The pelvic bone is formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Question 18

How are the bones of the pelvis connected at birth?

Answer 18

At birth, these bones are connected by cartilage in the area of the acetabulum.

Question 19

At what age do the bones of the pelvis fuse into a single bone?

Answer 19

The bones fuse into a single bone between 16 and 18 years of age.

Question 20

What is the anterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 20

A bony prominence on the anterior part of the iliac crest.

Question 21

What is the anterior inferior iliac spine?

Answer 21

A bony projection located below the anterior superior iliac spine.

Question 22

What is the linea terminalis?

Answer 22

A ridge that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis.

Question 23

What is the pubic tubercle?

Answer 23

A small projection on the superior part of the pubic bone.

Question 24

What is the articular surface for the pubic symphysis?

Answer 24

The surface where the two pubic bones meet at the front of the pelvis.

Question 25

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 25

A large opening in the pelvis formed by the pubis and ischium.

Question 26

What is the greater sciatic notch?

Answer 26

A large notch in the posterior part of the ilium.

Question 27

What is the lesser sciatic notch?

Answer 27

A smaller notch located below the greater sciatic notch.

Question 28

What is the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 28

The bony prominence on the ischium that bears weight when sitting.

Question 29

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 29

The socket in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.

Question 30

What is the obturator canal?

Answer 30

A passageway in the pelvis for the obturator nerve and vessels.

Question 31

What is the obturator membrane?

Answer 31

A fibrous membrane that covers the obturator foramen.

Question 32

What is the shape of the sacrum and coccyx?

Answer 32

Both have the appearance of an inverted triangle.

Question 33

What is the sacrum composed of?

Answer 33

Fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae.

Question 34

What type of joint is formed by the sacrum and ilium?

Answer 34

L-shaped articulation facet with Ilium (synovial).

Question 35

What happens to the ligaments of the sacroiliac joint with old age?

Answer 35

They become ossified.

Question 36

How many coccygeal vertebrae are in the coccyx?

Answer 36

4 coccygeal vertebrae.

Question 37

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 37

A ligament that runs along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies.

Question 38

What is the lumbosacral ligament?

Answer 38

A ligament that connects the lumbar spine to the sacrum.

Question 39

What are the joints of the pelvis?

Answer 39

Includes the lumbosacral joint, sacro-iliac joints, and pubic symphysis.

Question 40

What are the components of the lumbosacral joint?

Answer 40

Zygapophysial joints, intervertebral disc, iliolumbar and lumbosacral ligaments.

Question 41

What ligaments are associated with the sacro-iliac joints?

Answer 41

Anterior sacro-ligament, interosseous sacro-iliac ligament, and posterior sacro-iliac ligament.

Question 42

Which is the largest and strongest ligament in the sacro-iliac joints?

Answer 42

Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament.

Question 43

What is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 43

A joint where the left and right pubic bones meet.

Question 44

What ligaments are associated with the pubic symphysis?

Answer 44

Superior and inferior pubic ligaments.

Question 45

What is the function of the iliolumbar ligament?

Answer 45

Connects the iliac crest to the lumbar spine.

Question 46

What is the intervertebral disc?

Answer 46

A fibrocartilaginous structure between vertebrae that acts as a shock absorber.

Question 47

What is the role of the zygapophysial joint?

Answer 47

Facilitates movement between adjacent vertebrae.

Question 48

What is the significance of the sacrum in the pelvis?

Answer 48

It forms the base of the spine and connects to the pelvis.

Question 49

What is the pubic crest?

Answer 49

The upper border of the pubic bone.

Question 50

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 50

A large opening in the pelvis formed by the pubic and ischial bones.

Question 51

What is the ischial ramus?

Answer 51

A part of the ischium that contributes to the formation of the obturator foramen.

Question 52

What is the orientation of the pelvic inlet?

Answer 52

The pelvic inlet is tilted to face anteriorly at an angle of 50-60 degrees.

Question 53

How does the pelvic cavity project in relation to the abdominal cavity?

Answer 53

The pelvic cavity projects posteriorly from the abdominal cavity.

Question 54

What are the key structures associated with the pelvis?

Answer 54

Key structures include the sacrum, anterior superior iliac spine, sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, pelvic inlet, pubic tubercle, anal triangle of perineum, urogenital triangle of perineum, and pubic symphysis.

Question 55

What is the shape of the pelvic inlet in women?

Answer 55

Circular pelvic inlet ## Footnote Women have a less distinct promontory and broader alae.

Question 56

What is the shape of the pelvic inlet in men?

Answer 56

Heart-shaped pelvic inlet ## Footnote Men have a more distinct promontory and narrow alae.

Question 57

What is the angle of the pubic arch in women?

Answer 57

80-85 degrees ## Footnote This angle is wider compared to men.

Question 58

What is the angle of the pubic arch in men?

Answer 58

50-60 degrees ## Footnote This angle is narrower compared to women.

Question 59

How do ischial spines project in women?

Answer 59

Ischial spines don't project medially ## Footnote This is in contrast to men.

Question 60

How do ischial spines project in men?

Answer 60

Ischial spines project medially ## Footnote This is in contrast to women.