Perinatal Infections: 9 Flashcards
TORCHeS Acronym?
What do these infections cross?
Cross the placenta
Toxoplasmosis
Other (Parvo, West Nile, Zika, Measles, Varicella, Enteroviruses
(coxsackie), Adenoviruses, HIV
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Symptoms?
Can cause?
Modes of transmission? 3
May be none or mild & flu-like, some GI upset
Can cause blindness, brain damage
Transmission occurs by 3 routes:
- Eating undercooked, infected meat
- Ingestion of parasite fecal-oral route (gardening, litter boxes)
- Maternal-fetal transmission: MOST SEVERE
Rubella (viral)
AKA?
Causes?
What Vaccine?
cannot be given to?
Rubeola is?
AKA German measles
Causes severe anomalies if infected in the 1st trimester (congenital rubella syndrome)
MMR is a live (attenuated) vaccine so it CANNOT be given to pregnant people
- Deafness
- Cataracts
- Heart defects
- Intellectual disabilities
- Liver and spleen damage
- Low birth weight
- Skin rash at birth
Rubeola is airborne
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Symptoms?
How is it transmitted?
most common long-term health problem?
flu-like syndrome, and occasionally mononucleosis or viral hepatitis
-Direct contact with saliva or urine, especially from babies and young children
-Through sexual contact
-Breast milk to nursing infants
-Transplanted organs and blood transfusions
HEARING LOSS
Chlamydia (bacterial) MOST COMMON STI
Spread through? Parteners?
How is it diagnosed?
Symptoms?
Can cause what in infants?
Vaginal fluid or semen
Partners also need treatment
PAP or Urine Sample
often ASYMPTOMATIC: may report increased vaginal discharge, postcoital bleeding or spotting, dysuria
Can cause CONJUNCTIVITIS and PNEUMONIA in infants
Gonorrhea (bacterial)
Can also cause? Partners?
Symptoms?
f ddd IP
Can also cause conjunctivitis
Partners also need treatment
frequently asymptomatic
dysmenorrhea
dysuria
dyspareunia (pain with sex)
Increased discharge
Pelvic pain
Syphilis (Bacterial)
How is it spread?
Primary stage characterized by?
Fetal consequence?
Unprotected sexual activity
Primary: (5-90 days) characterized by a localized hard chancre
Congenital syphilis
Syphillis: Secondary stage
When?
Symptoms?
Rash is?
How do symptoms resolve?
6 weeks - 6 months
rash, fever, headache, general malaise.
Rash is often in an odd place hands and feet and doesn’t itch.
Symptoms will resolve on their own.
Syphillis: Tertiary stage
What’s affected?
Heart and blood vessels are affected
The brain and nervous system
Neuro-syphilis, dementia
HPV/ Genital Warts (viral)
Most common?
Vaccinate when?
neonatal transmission?
Most common VIRAL STI
Vaccination before sexual activity;
Rare neonatal transmission but can occur
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Herpes neonatorum may present with?
Systematically affects?
Highest risk during?
may present with:
apnea, dec feeding, seizures.
Systemically affects infant esp. CNS-brain lesions, retina
Highest risk with during late pregnancy!!!!!
HSV cure?
Needs prophylaxis when?
Highest risk of transmission is when?
No cure, antivirals, need prophylaxis during
third trimester (35-36 weeks) healthy immune system
Highest with primary HSV during late pregnancy
Vaginal Infection: Trichomoniasis
Discharge smells?
Color of discharge?
What kind of spots?
Foul-smelling vaginal discharge especially after intercourse
Discharge is green and frothy
Dysuria, dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding, vaginal spotting and bleeding.
Strawberry spots on cervix
Bacterial Vaginosis
Odor and discharge?
Fishy odor-noticeable even after bathing
Thin white or gray milky discharge
Group Beta Strep (GBS)
+GBS in urine?
+GBS in urine is a sign of heavy colonization
