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408 Maternity Final Exam > Perinatal Infections > Flashcards

Perinatal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Compare IgG and IgM.

A
  • IgG – memory antibody (from past immunizations or illness)
    • the only one that crosses the placenta
  • IgM – produced to fight a new infection
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2
Q

Describe TORCHS Infections.

A

Cross the placenta

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Other (Parvo, West Nile, Zika, Measles, Varicella, Enteroviruses (coxsackie), adenoviruses, HIV, Listeriosis (food poisoning)
  • Rubella
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • Herpes
  • Syphilis
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3
Q

How does transmission of Toxoplasmosis occur?

A
  • Eating undercooked, infected meat
  • Ingestion of parasite fecal-oral route (gardening, litter boxes)
  • Maternal-fetal transmission: can cause blindness, brain damage
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4
Q

Listeriosis Prevention?

A
  • Heat hot dogs and deli meat
  • Avoid unpasteurized milk or juice
  • Avoid raw or undercooked foods
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5
Q

Most common long-term health problem from Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

hearing loss

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6
Q

List different sexually transmitted diseases.

A

Bacterial:

  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhea
  • Syphilis

Viral:

  • HPV (Genital Warts)
  • HSV (Herpes)
  • Hepatitis B, C
  • HIV
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7
Q

What are used to treat bacterial infections?

A

antibiotics

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8
Q

What are the most common STIs reported among females in the U.S.?

A
  • # 1 Chlamydia
  • # 2 Gonorrhea
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9
Q

Chlamydia S/S?

A

Often ASYMPTOMATIC:

  • may report increased vaginal discharge
  • postcoital bleeding or spotting
  • dysuria
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10
Q

Chlamydia maternal and infant complications?

A

Maternal:

  • PID (also gonorrhea)
  • Acute salpingitis (also gonorrhea)
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Tubal infertility

Infant:

  • Conjunctivitis
  • Pneumonia
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11
Q

Gonorrhea S/S?

A

frequently asymptomatic

  • increased discharge
  • pelvic pain
  • dysmenorrhea
  • dysuria
  • dyspareunia
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12
Q

Gonorrhea maternal and infant complications?

A

Maternal:

  • Infertility
  • Chorioamnionitis
  • Postpartum sepsis or endometritis

Infant:

  • Neonatal sepsis
  • conjunctivitis
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13
Q

Gonorrhea treatment?

A
  • like chlamydia (antibiotics)
  • partners need to be tested
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14
Q

Stages of Syphilis?

A
  • Primary: characterized by a localized hard chancre
  • Secondary: characterized by a rash, fever, headache, general malaise. Rash is often in an odd place (hands and feet) and doesn’t itch.
  • Latent: years can pass without any symptoms
  • Tertiary: heart and blood vessels are affected, the brain and nervous system, neuro-syphilis, dementia
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15
Q

Syphilis fetal consequences?

A
  • Congenital syphilis
  • Death
  • Organ involvement- eyes, ears, liver, heart
  • Hydrops
  • Facial bone deformities
  • Abnormalities of dentition
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16
Q

Most common Viral STI?

A

HPV/Genital Warts

17
Q

HPV/Genital Warts maternal complications?

A
  • Appearance
  • Difficulty with elimination
  • Possible C/S
18
Q

HPV/Genital Warts treatment?

A
  • healthy immune system
  • topicals
  • laser
  • DNA viral-type testing with pap
19
Q

HSV infants complications?

A
  • Localized skin or oral lesions
  • Herpes neonatorum
    • May present w apnea, dec feeding, seizures
20
Q

HSV treatment?

A
  • no cure
  • antivirals
  • need prophylaxis during third trimester
  • healthy immune system
21
Q

Hepatitis C treatment?

A
  • newer medications are available
  • liver transplant
22
Q

Hepatitis B & C potential maternal and fetal complications?

A

Maternal:

  • Changes in liver function
  • Hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer

Fetal:

  • Chronic carrier
  • Chronic liver disease
23
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment?

A
  • anti-retrovirals (ARVs)
  • screen for opportunistic infections
24
Q

What is used to prevent STIs?

A
  • PrEP ( Pre-exposure Prophylaxis):
    • Oral meds or injection to prevent HIV
    • For at-risk populations
    • Highly effective if taken as prescribed
  • Condoms required for other STI prevention
25
Q

List some common vaginal infections.

A
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Candidiasis
  • GBS (Group Beta Strep)
26
Q

Trichomoniasis S/S?

A
  • foul-smelling vaginal discharge especially after intercourse
  • discharge is green and frothy
  • dysuria
  • dyspareunia
  • postcoital bleeding
  • vaginal spotting and bleeding
  • strawberry spots on cervix
27
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis S/S?

A
  • fishy odor – noticeable even after bathing
  • thin white or gray milky discharge
28
Q

Candidiasis S/S?

A
  • pruritis
  • irritation
  • erythema
  • thick, white discharge that’s clumpy and cottage cheese-like
29
Q

Candidiasis treatment?

A

vaginal antifungals

30
Q

GBS (Group Beta Strep) treatment?

A
  • PCN G
  • Severe PCN allergy: need sensitivities like clindamycin or vancomycin

408 Maternity Final Exam (6 decks)

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