Perinatal Infections Flashcards
Compare IgG and IgM.
- IgG – memory antibody (from past immunizations or illness)
- the only one that crosses the placenta
- IgM – produced to fight a new infection
Describe TORCHS Infections.
Cross the placenta
- Toxoplasmosis
- Other (Parvo, West Nile, Zika, Measles, Varicella, Enteroviruses (coxsackie), adenoviruses, HIV, Listeriosis (food poisoning)
- Rubella
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Herpes
- Syphilis
How does transmission of Toxoplasmosis occur?
- Eating undercooked, infected meat
- Ingestion of parasite fecal-oral route (gardening, litter boxes)
- Maternal-fetal transmission: can cause blindness, brain damage
Listeriosis Prevention?
- Heat hot dogs and deli meat
- Avoid unpasteurized milk or juice
- Avoid raw or undercooked foods
Most common long-term health problem from Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
hearing loss
List different sexually transmitted diseases.
Bacterial:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
Viral:
- HPV (Genital Warts)
- HSV (Herpes)
- Hepatitis B, C
- HIV
What are used to treat bacterial infections?
antibiotics
What are the most common STIs reported among females in the U.S.?
- # 1 Chlamydia
- # 2 Gonorrhea
Chlamydia S/S?
Often ASYMPTOMATIC:
- may report increased vaginal discharge
- postcoital bleeding or spotting
- dysuria
Chlamydia maternal and infant complications?
Maternal:
- PID (also gonorrhea)
- Acute salpingitis (also gonorrhea)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Tubal infertility
Infant:
- Conjunctivitis
- Pneumonia
Gonorrhea S/S?
frequently asymptomatic
- increased discharge
- pelvic pain
- dysmenorrhea
- dysuria
- dyspareunia
Gonorrhea maternal and infant complications?
Maternal:
- Infertility
- Chorioamnionitis
- Postpartum sepsis or endometritis
Infant:
- Neonatal sepsis
- conjunctivitis
Gonorrhea treatment?
- like chlamydia (antibiotics)
- partners need to be tested
Stages of Syphilis?
- Primary: characterized by a localized hard chancre
- Secondary: characterized by a rash, fever, headache, general malaise. Rash is often in an odd place (hands and feet) and doesn’t itch.
- Latent: years can pass without any symptoms
- Tertiary: heart and blood vessels are affected, the brain and nervous system, neuro-syphilis, dementia
Syphilis fetal consequences?
- Congenital syphilis
- Death
- Organ involvement- eyes, ears, liver, heart
- Hydrops
- Facial bone deformities
- Abnormalities of dentition
Most common Viral STI?
HPV/Genital Warts
HPV/Genital Warts maternal complications?
- Appearance
- Difficulty with elimination
- Possible C/S
HPV/Genital Warts treatment?
- healthy immune system
- topicals
- laser
- DNA viral-type testing with pap
HSV infants complications?
- Localized skin or oral lesions
- Herpes neonatorum
- May present w apnea, dec feeding, seizures
HSV treatment?
- no cure
- antivirals
- need prophylaxis during third trimester
- healthy immune system
Hepatitis C treatment?
- newer medications are available
- liver transplant
Hepatitis B & C potential maternal and fetal complications?
Maternal:
- Changes in liver function
- Hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer
Fetal:
- Chronic carrier
- Chronic liver disease
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment?
- anti-retrovirals (ARVs)
- screen for opportunistic infections
What is used to prevent STIs?
- PrEP ( Pre-exposure Prophylaxis):
- Oral meds or injection to prevent HIV
- For at-risk populations
- Highly effective if taken as prescribed
- Condoms required for other STI prevention
List some common vaginal infections.
- Trichomoniasis
- Bacterial Vaginosis
- Candidiasis
- GBS (Group Beta Strep)
Trichomoniasis S/S?
- foul-smelling vaginal discharge especially after intercourse
- discharge is green and frothy
- dysuria
- dyspareunia
- postcoital bleeding
- vaginal spotting and bleeding
- strawberry spots on cervix
Bacterial Vaginosis S/S?
- fishy odor – noticeable even after bathing
- thin white or gray milky discharge
Candidiasis S/S?
- pruritis
- irritation
- erythema
- thick, white discharge that’s clumpy and cottage cheese-like
Candidiasis treatment?
vaginal antifungals
GBS (Group Beta Strep) treatment?
- PCN G
- Severe PCN allergy: need sensitivities like clindamycin or vancomycin
