Perfusion (Cardiovascular) Flashcards
Is the mitral valve on the left or the right side of the heart?
Left side
Is the tricuspid valve on the left or the right side of the heart?
right side
What are the 4 types of heart sounds?
- S1
- S2
- S3
- S4
What sound is the S1 generally characterized as?
The “lub” sound of the heart
What sound is the S2 generally characterized as?
The “dub” sound of the heart
What sound is the S3 generally characterized as?
Ken-tuc-key
Why does an S3 sound occur?
It occurs when the ventricle reaches its elastic limit
S3 + heat failure= poor prognosis
What sound is the S4 generally characterized as?
Ten-ne-se-ee
What is the S4 sound associated with?
active atrial contractions that cause late ventricular filling
Where are the five areas to listen to the heart?
- Aortic area
- Pulmonic area
- Tricuspid area
- Erb’s point
- Apical/Mitral
Where is the aortic area to listen to the heart found?
in the second intercostal space on the right side of the sternum
Where is the pulmonic area to listen to the heart found?
The second intercostal space on the left side of the sternum
Where is the Erb’s point found?
In the third intercostal space on the left side of the sternum
Where is the tricuspid area found?
In the fourth intercostal space just to the left of the sternum
Where is the apical/mitral area found?
In the fifth intercostal space. It is almost in line with the left nipple
Where are the 8 different pulses?
- Carotid= neck
- brachial= just in the nook of the arm, proximal to the body
- Radial= thumb side of wrist
- ulnar= pinkie side of wrist
- Femoral= in the groin
- popliteal= back of the knee
- posterior tibial= in the little nook between the ankle and heal
- dorsalis pedis= on the top of the foot in line with the tibia
What number would a bounding pulse be considered?
4
What number would a normal pulse be considered?
2
What number would a weak pulse be considered?
1
What number would an increased pulse be considered?
3
What number would an absent or nonpalpable pulse be considered?
0
What is stasis?
pooling of blood that can be caused by problems with the lumen or valves of leg veins
What do capillaries do?
Exchange gases and nutrients between arterial and venous systems
Where are the posterior auricular lymph nodes found/
Behind the ear
Where are the Preauricular and parotid lymph nodes found?
Right in front of the ear
Where are the occipital lymph nodes found?
On the back of the head (where the occipital bone is)
Where are the Submandibular lymph nodes found?
Underneath the jaw
Where are the Submental lymph nodes found?
Underneath the chin
How would a nurse assess peripheral vascular adequacy?
Skin: symmetric, warm, smooth, pink, no edema, no clubbing
Capillary refill
Check all the pulses
Check the oral mucosa and the conjunctiva
What are the five P’s of a circulatory assessment?
- Pain
- Pulse
- Pallor
- Paresthesia (ability to feel)
- Paralysis
