Perfusion Flashcards
1
Q
To obtain Heart Rate ….
A
-Assess apical pulse
2
Q
Acyanotic
A
- Increased pulm blood flow, obstruction to blood flow from ventricles
1. Atrial septal defect
2. Ventricular septal defect
3
Q
Cyanotic
A
- Decreased pulm blood flow
1. TOF
4
Q
Cyanotic
A
- Mixed blood flow
- Transposition of great arteries
5
Q
Ventricular Septal Defect
A
- Increased pulm flow
- High pressure in LV –> RV
- ACYANOTIC!
- Tachy, murmor, poor weight, periorbital edema
- CHF is common!
- Prevent irreversible pulm vascular disease
- Banding, sutures, patches, catheter closure
6
Q
Tetralogy of Fallot
A
- Decreased pulm flow
- RV –> LV
1. VSD
2. Pulm Stenosis
3. Overiding aorta
4. RV Hypertrophy - CYANOTIC!
- Cyanotic at birth, murmor, poor weight gain, hypoxemia, tet spells *
- CHF is UNCOMMON
- Early management is key: Palliative shunt or complete repair
7
Q
Tetralogy of Fallot 4 Defects
A
- VSD
- Pulm Stenosis
- Overiding aorta
- RV Hypertrophy
8
Q
Obstruction to systemic blood flow…
A
Coarction of the aorta
9
Q
Coarction of the Aorta
A
- Localized narrowing near insertion of the ductus arteriosus
- Increase pressure proximal to defect and decreased pressure distal to defect
- ACYANOTIC!
- HBP before point
- LBP after point
- Shock!
- HIGH BP and Bounding Pulses in Upper Extremeties
- Low BP and Weak Femoral Pulses Lower Extremeties
- CHF Common + Pulmonary Edema
10
Q
Mixed Defect
A
Transposition of Great Arteries
- Decreased pulm blood flow
- Post natal survival is dependent on mixing of the systemic and pulm blood
- Hypoxemia and CHF
11
Q
Transposition of Great Arteries
A
- Blood on right side never gets oxygenated
- Blood on left side never gets deoxygenated
- Two separate parallel circuits:
- Unoxygenated blood circulates through systemic circulation
- Oxygenated blood circulates through the pulm circulation
- Need communication between the 2 circuits
- CYANOTIC ( R —> L )
12
Q
Treatment for Transposition of Great Arteries
A
- Prostaglandin E
- Vasodilator , keeps ductus arteriosus open to promote O2 saturation above 75%
- Ballon septostomy
- Arterial switch sugrical procedure
13
Q
Right Sided HF
A
- Rest of Body
- RV unable to pump blood into PA
- Pushes blood back into the body
- S/S: Swelling of legs and hands, weight gain, pitting edema, JVD, Irregular HR, ascites
14
Q
Left Sided HF
A
- Lungs
- LV unable to pump blood to systemic
- Blood goes back into lungs
- Pulm edema and pressure
- S/S: Dyspnea, rales, orthopnea, weakness, nagging cough, blood tinged sputum, weight gain
15
Q
Digoxin
A
- Improves myocardial contractility
- Inc CO, Dec heart size and edema
- Check potassium
- Check apical pulse prior to admin *
