Performance Directions Flashcards

0
Q

Aber

A

But

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1
Q

A

A

At, to, by, in the style of

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2
Q

A cappella

A

Unaccompanied vocal work

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3
Q

Accelerando

A

Gradually getting faster

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4
Q

Adagietto

A

Rather slow, but after than adagio

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5
Q

Adagio

A

Slow. Between andante and largo

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6
Q

A deux/ a due

A

For two performers or instruments

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7
Q

Ad libitum/ ad lib

A

At choice. Passage can be omitted from score if chosen

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8
Q

Affettuoso

A

Tenderly

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9
Q

Affretunado

A

Hurrying

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10
Q

Agitato

A

Agitated

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11
Q

Al/ alla

A

In the manner of

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12
Q

À la pointe

A

For string players to use the point of their bow

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13
Q

Alla breve

A

With a minum beat, makes notes faster than suggested

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14
Q

Alla marcia

A

In the style of a march

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15
Q

Allargando

A

Broadening: getting slower an louder

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16
Q

Allegretto

A

Slower than allegro but still fairly quick

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17
Q

Allegro

A

Quick

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18
Q

Als

A

Than

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19
Q

Alt

A

High, used in vocal music for music above the treble stave

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20
Q

Al tallone/ am frosch/ au talon

A

With the heel of the bow

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21
Q

Amabile

A

Pleasantly

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22
Q

Amore/ amour

A

Love

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23
Q

Amoroso

A

Loving

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24
Q

Andante

A

Walking pace

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25
Q

Andantino

A

Slightly faster than andante

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26
Q

An der spitze

A

With the point

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27
Q

Anima

A

Soul, spirited

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28
Q

Animando

A

Becoming more lively

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29
Q

Animato/ animé

A

Animated/ lively

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30
Q

Apaisé

A

Calmed

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31
Q

A piacere

A

At pleasure, meaning that the performer is not bound to follow the set rhythm rigidly

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32
Q

Appassionato

A

With passion

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33
Q

A punto d’arco

A

With the pointe

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34
Q

Arco

A

Bow (after pizzicato)

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35
Q

Assai

A

Very, extremely

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36
Q

Assez

A

Quite

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37
Q

A tempo

A

Back to original tempo

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38
Q

Attacca

A

Go straight on, immediate move to the next section of music

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39
Q

Audstruck

A

Expression

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40
Q

Avec

A

With

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41
Q

Ben/ benne

A

Well, very

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42
Q

Bestimmt

A

With decision, definite

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43
Q

Bewegt

A

Agitated, with movement

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44
Q

Bis

A

Twice

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45
Q

Bravura

A

Skill/ brilliance

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46
Q

Breit

A

Broad, expansive

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47
Q

Brilliante

A

Brilliant

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48
Q

Brio

A

Vigour, animation

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49
Q

Calando

A

Dying away

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50
Q

Calmato

A

Calm, tranquil

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51
Q

Cantabile

A

In a singing style

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52
Q

Cantando

A

Singing

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53
Q

Capriccioso/ capticieux

A

In a whimsical fanciful style

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54
Q

Cédez

A

Yield, relax the speed

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55
Q

Col/ coll’/ colla/ colle

A

With/ with the

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56
Q

Colla parte

A

Keep with the soloist

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57
Q

Colla voce

A

Keep with the singer

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58
Q

Col legno

A

With the wood of the bow

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59
Q

Coll’ ottava

A

With the octave (for keyboard players)

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60
Q

Come/ comme

A

As/ similar to

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61
Q

Come prima

A

As before

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62
Q

Come sopra

A

As above

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63
Q

Comodo

A

Convenient

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64
Q

Con

A

With

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65
Q

Corda/ corde

A

String/ strings

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66
Q

Crescendo

A

Gradually getting louder

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67
Q

Da

A

From

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68
Q

Da capo DC

A

From the beginning

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69
Q

Dal segno DS

A

From the sign

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70
Q

Dämpfer

A

Mute

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71
Q

Decrescendo

A

Gradually getting softer

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72
Q

Delicato

A

Delicate

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73
Q

Détaché

A

Detached (bowing for strings)

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74
Q

Diminuendo

A

Gradually getting softer

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75
Q

Divisi

A

Divide into two or more groups

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76
Q

Doch

A

However, yet

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77
Q

Dolce

A

Sweet, soft

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78
Q

Dolente

A

Sad, mournful

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79
Q

Dolore

A

Grief

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80
Q

Doppio movimento

A

Twice as fast

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81
Q

Douce/ doux

A

Soft, sweet

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82
Q

Duolo

A

Grief

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83
Q

E, ed

A

And

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84
Q

Égal, eguale

A

Equal

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85
Q

Ein

A

A

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86
Q

Einfach

A

Simple

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87
Q

Empfindung

A

Emotion, feeling

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88
Q

Emporté

A

Fiery, ambitious

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89
Q

En animant

A

Becoming more lively

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90
Q

En céant

A

Yielding

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91
Q

En dehors

A

Make the melody prominent

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92
Q

Energico

A

Energetic

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93
Q

Enlevez

A

Take up, take off, a direction for pedal or mute

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94
Q

En mesure

A

In time

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95
Q

En pressant

A

Hurrying on

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96
Q

En retenant

A

Holding back

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97
Q

En serrant

A

Becoming quicker

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98
Q

Expressione

A

Expression

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99
Q

Expressivo

A

Expressive

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100
Q

Estinto

A

As soft as possible, lifeless

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101
Q

Et

A

And

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102
Q

Etwas

A

Somewhat, rather

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103
Q

F

A

Forte

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104
Q

Facile

A

Easy

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105
Q

Felice

A

Happy

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106
Q

Feroce

A

Fierce

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107
Q

Feurig

A

Fiery

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108
Q

Fine/ fin

A

End

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109
Q

Flatterzunge

A

Flutter tounge

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110
Q

Flautato/ flautando

A

Flute like, a direction for natural harmonics on string instruments

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111
Q

Flessibile

A

Flexible (not a strict tempo)

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112
Q

Fliessend

A

Flowing

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113
Q

Flottant

A

Floating

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114
Q

Forte/ f

A

Loud

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115
Q

Fortepiano/ fp

A

Loud then immediately soft

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116
Q

Forza

A

Force

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117
Q

Frei

A

Free

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118
Q

Fretta

A

Haste

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119
Q

Frisch

A

Vigorous

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120
Q

Fröhlich

A

Cheerful, joyful

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121
Q

Fuoco

A

Fire

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122
Q

Furioso

A

Furious, frenzied

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123
Q

Gebunden

A

Joiner

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124
Q

Gehend

A

At a steady speed

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125
Q

Gesangvoll

A

In a singing style

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126
Q

Geschwind

A

Quickly

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127
Q

Giocoso

A

Playful/ humerous

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128
Q

Giojoso

A

Joyful/ merry

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129
Q

Giusto

A

Proper, exact

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130
Q

Glissando

A

Slide many notes between 2

131
Q

GP

A

Indication to individual performers that all are silent

132
Q

Gravieux

A

Graceful

133
Q

Grandioso

A

Grandly

134
Q

Grave

A

Very slow, solemn

135
Q

Grazioso

A

Graceful

136
Q

Immer

A

Always

137
Q

Impetuoso

A

Impetuous

138
Q

Incalzando

A

Getting quicker

139
Q

Innig

A

Heartfelt, sincere

140
Q

Inquieto

A

Restless

141
Q

In relievo

A

Prominent (make the melody stand out)

142
Q

Joyeux

A

Joyful

143
Q

Kräftig

A

Strong

144
Q

Lacrimoso/ lagrimando

A

Sad

145
Q

Lamentoso

A

Lamenting

146
Q

Langsam

A

Slow

147
Q

Largamente

A

Broadly

148
Q

Larghetto

A

Rather slow, but slightly faster than largo

149
Q

Largo

A

Slow, stately

150
Q

Lebhaft

A

Lively, equivalent to vivace

151
Q

Legato

A

Smooth

152
Q

Légèrement/ leggiero/ leicht

A

Light, nimble

153
Q

Leid

A

Grief, pain

154
Q

Leidenschaft

A

Passion

155
Q

Leise

A

Soft, gentle

156
Q

Lent/ lento

A

Slow

157
Q

Liberamente/ librement

A

Freely

158
Q

Licenza

A

Licence, freedom

159
Q

Lieblich

A

Lovely

160
Q

L’istesso

A

The same

161
Q

Loco

A

Same pitch (used after 8ve passage)

162
Q

Lointain/ lontano

A

Distant

163
Q

Lourd

A

Heavy, equivalent to pesante

164
Q

Lugubre

A

Mournful

165
Q

Lungs

A

Long

166
Q

Lusingando

A

Coaxing in a sweet style

167
Q

Lustig

A

Cheerful

168
Q

Ma

A

But

169
Q

Maestoso

A

Majestic

170
Q

Main

A

Hand

171
Q

Mais

A

But

172
Q

Mano

A

Hand

173
Q

Mancado

A

Fading away

174
Q

Marcato

A

Emphatic, accented

175
Q

Martelé/ martellato

A

Strongly accented (usually string for a type of bowing, but can be used for other instruments too)

176
Q

Marziale

A

In a military style

177
Q

Mässig

A

At a moderate speed

178
Q

Meno

A

Less

179
Q

Mesto

A

Sad

180
Q

Mezza/ mezzo

A

Half

181
Q

Misterioso

A

Mysterious

182
Q

Misura

A

Measure

183
Q

Mit

A

With

184
Q

Moderato/ modéré

A

At a moderate speed

185
Q

Moins

A

Less

186
Q

Molto

A

Very, much

187
Q

Morendo

A

Dying away

188
Q

Mosso

A

With motion, animated

189
Q

Moto, movimento

A

Movement, motion

190
Q

Mouvement/ mouvt

A

Movement/ motion

191
Q

Munter

A

Lively

192
Q

Muta

A

Change

193
Q

Nach und nach

A

Gradually

194
Q

Naturals

A

In the ordinary way

195
Q

Nicht

A

Not

196
Q

Niente

A

Nothing

197
Q

Nobilmente

A

Nobly

198
Q

Noch

A

Still, yet

199
Q

Non

A

Not

200
Q

Nuovo

A

New

201
Q

Obbligato

A

Obligatory

202
Q

Ohme

A

Without

203
Q

Ossia

A

Alternatively

204
Q

Ostinato

A

Repeated rhythm of phrase

205
Q

Ottava

A

Octave

206
Q

Parlando

A

Sing in a conversational style

207
Q

Patetico

A

With deep feeling

208
Q

Pausa

A

A pausa

209
Q

Pedal

A

With pedal

210
Q

Per

A

For, by, although, to

211
Q

Pesante

A

Heavy

212
Q

Peu

A

Little

213
Q

Piacevole

A

Pleasant

214
Q

Piangevole

A

Pleasant

215
Q

Piano

A

Quiet

216
Q

Pietoso/ pietosamente

A

Tenderly

217
Q

Più

A

More

218
Q

Pizzicato

A

Plucking the strings of an instrument

219
Q

Placido

A

Calm, peaceful

220
Q

Plus

A

More

221
Q

Pochettino

A

Rather little

222
Q

Pochissimo

A

Very little

223
Q

Poco

A

Little, slightly

224
Q

Poi

A

Then

225
Q

Ponticello

A

Bridge (on a string instrument)

226
Q

Portamento

A

Slide from one note to the next (strings or trombone)

227
Q

Possibile

A

Possible

228
Q

Precipitando/ precipitato/ precipitoso

A

Rushing/ headlong

229
Q

Presser/ pressez

A

Hurry

230
Q

Presto

A

Fast (faster than allegro)

231
Q

Primo/ prima

A

First

232
Q

Quasi

A

As if, like, resembling

233
Q

Ralentir

A

Slacken, slow down

234
Q

Rallentando

A

Gradually slowing down

235
Q

Rasch

A

Quick

236
Q

Repetizione/ replica

A

Repetition

237
Q

Retenu

A

Held back

238
Q

Rigoroso

A

Struck

239
Q

Rinforzando

A

Reinforcing

240
Q

Risoluto

A

Bold, strong

241
Q

Ritardando

A

Gradually getting slower

242
Q

Ritenuto

A

Held back

243
Q

Ritmico

A

Rhythmically

244
Q

Rubato

A

With some freedom of time

245
Q

Ruhig

A

Peaceful

246
Q

Saltando/ saltato/ sautillé

A

Springinly, a light bouncing bow technique for strings

247
Q

Sans

A

Without

248
Q

Scherzando/ scherzoso

A

Playful, joking

249
Q

Schnell

A

Fast

250
Q

Schwach

A

Weak

251
Q

Sec/ secco

A

Crisp, suppress the sound as quickly as possible

252
Q

Seconda/ secondo

A

Second

253
Q

Segue

A

Go straight on

254
Q

Sehr

A

Very

255
Q

Semplice

A

Simple, plain

256
Q

Sempre

A

Always

257
Q

Senza

A

Without

258
Q

Seul

A

Alone

259
Q

Serrer/ serrez

A

Hurry, quicken

260
Q

Sf/ sforzando/ sforzato/ sfz

A

Accented, forced

261
Q

Simile

A

Continue in the same way

262
Q

Sino/sin’

A

Until, up to

263
Q

Slargando/ slentando

A

Getting slower

264
Q

Slancio

A

Enthusiasm, impetus

265
Q

Smorzando

A

Dying away in tone and speed

266
Q

Soave

A

Gentle, smooth

267
Q

Solenne

A

Solemn, grave

268
Q

Sonoramente/ sonore/ sonoro

A

Resonant, with rich tone

269
Q

Sopra

A

Above, on (for keyboard players to place one hand over the other)

270
Q

Sordino

A

Mute

271
Q

Sospirando

A

Sighing

272
Q

Sostenuto

A

Sustained

273
Q

Sotto

A

Below, for keyboard players to place one hand below the other

274
Q

Sotto voce

A

In an undertone

275
Q

Sourdine

A

Mute

276
Q

Sous

A

Under

277
Q

Spiccato

A

Detached, a bouncing technique for strings

278
Q

Spiritoso

A

Spirited

279
Q

Staccato

A

Short, detached

280
Q

Stark

A

Strong

281
Q

Strepitoso

A

Noisy, boisterous

282
Q

Stretto

A

Quickening the speed OR fugue like entries

283
Q

Stringendo

A

Gradually getting faster

284
Q

Subito

A

Suddenly

285
Q

Sul/ sulla

A

On the

286
Q

Süss

A

Sweet

287
Q

Tacet

A

When a part doesn’t play in a particular section

288
Q

Tanto

A

So much

289
Q

Tasto

A

Fingerboard of a string instrument or keyboard of a keyboard instrument

290
Q

Tempo

A

Speed

291
Q

Teneramente

A

Tenderly

292
Q

Tenerezza

A

Tenderness

293
Q

Tunuto

A

Held

294
Q

Tosto

A

Swift, rapid

295
Q

Tranquillo

A

Calm

296
Q

Traurig

A

Sad

297
Q

Tre

A

Three

298
Q

Tremolando/ temolo

A

Trembling on the strings

299
Q

Très

A

Very

300
Q

Trionfale

A

Triumphant

301
Q

Tristanente/ triste

A

Sad

302
Q

Troppo

A

Too much

303
Q

Tutti

A

Everyone

304
Q

Un/ una/ uno

A

One

305
Q

Und

A

And

306
Q

Unisono

A

In unison, a direction to cancel divisi

307
Q

Veloce

A

Swift

308
Q

Vibrato

A

Vibrating

309
Q

Viel

A

Much

310
Q

Vif

A

Lively

311
Q

Vigoroso

A

Vigorous, strong

312
Q

Vite

A

Quick

313
Q

Vivace/ vivement/ vivo

A

Lively, quick

314
Q

Voce/ voix

A

Voice

315
Q

Volante

A

Flying, fast

316
Q

Voll

A

Full

317
Q

Volta

A

Time

318
Q

Volti subito

A

Turn at once

319
Q

Vorgetragen

A

Brought out, prominent

320
Q

Wenig

A

Little

321
Q

Wieder

A

Again

322
Q

Zart

A

Tender, delicate

323
Q

Ziemlich

A

Moderately

324
Q

Zu

A

To, too