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INA (Perfect Ni Score Sa Exam) > Perfect Score > Flashcards

Perfect Score Flashcards

1
Q

specializes in the
medical and surgical treatment of eye disease

A

OPHTHALMOLOGIST

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2
Q

ophthalmologist with advanced training in
plastic and reconstructive surgery of the eye

A

Ocuplastic Specialist

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3
Q

specialist who earns a Doctor of Optometry
(OD) after undergraduate and graduate
education; test vision, examine eyes, prescribe
corrective lenses and contact lenses

A

OPTOMESTRIST

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4
Q

makes eyeglass or contact
lenses based on prescriptions

A

Optician

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5
Q

Assistants who are certified by the Joint
Commission on Allied Health Personnel in
Ophthalmology to assist in selected eye tests
and procedures.

A

Ophthalmic technician

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6
Q

When to have eye examination?

A

Through screening at the age of 40
Adults with family Hx

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7
Q

Immediate Attention

A

Bulging of the eye; dark spots in the center of
field vision; difficulty focusing; loss of
peripheral vision; sudden vision loss.

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8
Q

tool composed of letter sized
progressively smaller from top to
bottom that is used to test distance
vision.

A

Snellen chart

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9
Q

Normal vision

A

20/20

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10
Q

Legal Blindness

A

20/200

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11
Q

drooping of the eyelid

A

Ptosis

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12
Q

condition where the eye is
exposed because the eyelids are unable to
fully cover the eye.

A

Lid retraction

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13
Q

oscillating movement of the
eyeball.

A

Nystagmus

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14
Q

Asymmetrical movements –
extraocular muscle weakness or
cranial nerve dysfunction.

A

6 cardinal direction of gaze

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15
Q

2 extraocular muscle function test

A

Corneal light reflex test
Uneven light reflex test

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16
Q

assesses
the alignment of the eyes

A

Corneal light reflex test

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17
Q

deviated
alignment of the eyes (muscle
weakness or paralysis)

A

Uneven light reflex test

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18
Q

assesses extraocular
muscle function.

A

Cover uncover test

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19
Q

Direct visualization of the eye that
allows sequential viewing of the
cornea, lens, and retina, respectively

A

Direct ophthalmoscopy

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20
Q

headband with
light in addition to small handheld lens.

A

Indirect ophthalmoscopy

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21
Q

microscope with a
bright light.

A

Slit lamp examination

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22
Q

measures intraocular pressure

A

Tonometry

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23
Q

reflections of sound
waves form a picture of eye structure.

A

Ultrasonography

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24
Q

May lead to Amblyopia

A

Stabismus (Eye Deviation)

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25
Q

Common test to detect the disorder (Stabismus (Eye Deviation))

A

Corneal light reflex
Cover test

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26
Q

“nearsightedness”

A

Myopia

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27
Q

Hyperopia

A

“Farsightedness”

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28
Q

What lenses are for the Nearsighted

A

Concave

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29
Q

What lenses are for the farsighted,

A

Convex

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30
Q

s people age the crystalline lens loses its
elasticity & is less able to alter its shape to
focus the eye for close work.

A

Presbyopia

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31
Q

Occurs when the curve of the cornea is
uneven.

A

Astigmatism

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32
Q

Developmental and degenerative opacity of
the crystalline lens.

A

Cataract

33
Q

Assessment for cataract

A

Seeing halo around lights, pain, blurriness,myopic shift, color shift,brunescens

34
Q

earliest symptom of cataract

A

Seeing halo around lights

35
Q

more on the blue end of the
spectrum

A

Color shift

36
Q

return of ability to do close work
without glasses

A

Myopic shift

37
Q

color values that shift to yellow-
brown; white grey spot behind pupil

A

Brunescens

38
Q

Surgical Management of cataract

A

Surgery:
Intrascapular catarac
Extracapsular cataract extraction
Phacoemulsification

39
Q

removing the lens
including the lens capsule

A

Intra scapular cataract

40
Q

removing the lens and the anterior portion of
the lens, capsule, leaving the posterior
capsule intact.

A

Extra scapular cataract extraction

41
Q

a method of
extracapsular surgery which uses an
ultrasonic device that liquefies the nucleus and
the cortex, which are then suctioned out.

A

Phacoemulsification

42
Q

Nursing management
Pre op for cataract

A

Withhold anticoagulants 5-7 days
Administer dilating drops 1hr prior to surgery
Prophylactic antibiotic
Eye lashes should be trimmed at night
Preop check list

43
Q

Post-Operative for cataract

A

Wear protective eyepatch 24 hours post-op
• Wear eyes shield at night; eye glasses in the
morning for 1-4 weeks post-op
• Flat, low Fowler’s or on un operative side for
3-4 weeks; avoid sleeping on operative side.
• Avoid activities that will increase IOP

44
Q

Can cataracts reappear after surgery?

A

No

45
Q

“silent thief of sight”

A

Glaucoma

46
Q

Acute

A

Closed angle (medical emergency)

47
Q

Chronic

A

Open angle ( more common)

48
Q

IOP measurement; findings:

A

Tonometry > 22mmhg

49
Q

Optic nerve assessment;
cupping of the optic disc

A

Ophthalmoscopy

50
Q

anterior chamber angle
assessment; determines angle, differentiates
open & closed angle glaucoma

A

Gonioscopy

51
Q

visual field assessment/ test for
peripheral vision; tunnel vision

A

Perimetry

52
Q

Medical Management (glaucoma)

A

Miotics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Anticholinesterase
Beta-blockers

53
Q

Lifelong; Pharmacologic therapy:

A

IOP control

54
Q

Constricts pupils & increases outflow

A

Miotics

55
Q

acetazolamide/ Diamox
o Reduces the production of aqueous
humor

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

56
Q

Suppress secretion of aqueous humor
o One eye is treated first

A

Beta-blockers

57
Q

Surgical Treatment for glaucoma

A

Trabeculotomy
Trabeculectomy
Drainage implants/shunts
Trabectome surgery

58
Q

Filtering procedure; loosely
suturing of scleral flap through which fluid
escapes resulting to absorption of aqueous.

A

Trabeculotomy

59
Q

removal of part of the
trabecular meshwork, allowing it to heal
impartially, which would then serve as
drainage.

A

Trabeculectomy

60
Q

similar concept
as filtering procedure, but drainage is at the
episcleral plate in the conjunctiva.

A

Drainage implants/shunts

61
Q

minimally invasive;
(1.7mm incision) is made in the periphery of
your cornea.

A

Trabectome surgery

62
Q

How much of an incision is given to a trabectome surgery

A

1.7mm

63
Q

An injury to cornea which goes not deeper
than epithelium

A

Corneal abrasion

64
Q

Hemorrhage into the orbit from trauma

A

Black eye

65
Q

Management of black eye

A

Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

66
Q

Management for corneal abrasion

A

Tetracaine sol
Stain with fluorescein
Pain

67
Q

n cause drying of the cornea with resulting
chronic conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration.

A

Burns of the eye

68
Q

with face or body burns

A

Thermal burns

69
Q

Excessive sunlight or other strong light

A

Actinic trauma

70
Q

Either acid or alkali in nature. Both cause
intense pain and inflammation.

A

Chemical burns

71
Q

Alkali eye burn are more severe than acid burn?

A

True

72
Q

temporary vision condition caused by
prolonged use of electronic devices.

A

Digital eye strain

73
Q

Symptoms of digital strain eyes

A

Burning, itchy or tired eyes after using
electronic devices
• Headaches
• Fatigue

74
Q

Digital eye strain symptoms may be caused by:

A

Poor lighting
• Glare on the computer screen
• Improper viewing distances

75
Q

Digital eye strain can be diagnosed through

A

comprehensive eye exam.

76
Q

20-20-20 rule

A

Every 20 minutes
• Take a 20 second break
• And look at something 20 feet away

77
Q

Preventing eye and vision problems

A

Check the height and position of the device
• Check for glare on the screen
• Reduce the amount of lighting in the room to
match the computer screen
• Keep blinking
• Visit your optometrist

78
Q

Children need to have an eye exam by an optometrist:

A

Between 6-12 months of age
• Before age 3, and
• Every year thereafter and throughout
adulthood

79
Q

Adults: see the optometrist yearly, unless directed to
visit the doctor more frequently.

A

True

INA (Perfect Ni Score Sa Exam) (2 decks)

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