Perfect Score Flashcards by althea vertudazo

specializes in the
medical and surgical treatment of eye disease

OPHTHALMOLOGIST

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ophthalmologist with advanced training in
plastic and reconstructive surgery of the eye

Ocuplastic Specialist

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specialist who earns a Doctor of Optometry
(OD) after undergraduate and graduate
education; test vision, examine eyes, prescribe
corrective lenses and contact lenses

OPTOMESTRIST

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makes eyeglass or contact
lenses based on prescriptions

Optician

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Assistants who are certified by the Joint
Commission on Allied Health Personnel in
Ophthalmology to assist in selected eye tests
and procedures.

Ophthalmic technician

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When to have eye examination?

Through screening at the age of 40
Adults with family Hx

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Immediate Attention

Bulging of the eye; dark spots in the center of
field vision; difficulty focusing; loss of
peripheral vision; sudden vision loss.

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tool composed of letter sized
progressively smaller from top to
bottom that is used to test distance
vision.

Snellen chart

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Normal vision

20/20

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Legal Blindness

20/200

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drooping of the eyelid

Ptosis

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condition where the eye is
exposed because the eyelids are unable to
fully cover the eye.

Lid retraction

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oscillating movement of the
eyeball.

Nystagmus

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Asymmetrical movements –
extraocular muscle weakness or
cranial nerve dysfunction.

6 cardinal direction of gaze

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2 extraocular muscle function test

Corneal light reflex test
Uneven light reflex test

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assesses
the alignment of the eyes

Corneal light reflex test

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deviated
alignment of the eyes (muscle
weakness or paralysis)

Uneven light reflex test

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assesses extraocular
muscle function.

Cover uncover test

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Direct visualization of the eye that
allows sequential viewing of the
cornea, lens, and retina, respectively

Direct ophthalmoscopy

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headband with
light in addition to small handheld lens.

Indirect ophthalmoscopy

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microscope with a
bright light.

Slit lamp examination

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measures intraocular pressure

Tonometry

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reflections of sound
waves form a picture of eye structure.

Ultrasonography

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May lead to Amblyopia

Stabismus (Eye Deviation)

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Common test to detect the disorder (Stabismus (Eye Deviation))

Corneal light reflex Cover test

“nearsightedness”

Myopia

Hyperopia

“Farsightedness”

What lenses are for the Nearsighted

Concave

What lenses are for the farsighted,

Convex

s people age the crystalline lens loses its elasticity & is less able to alter its shape to focus the eye for close work.

Presbyopia

Occurs when the curve of the cornea is uneven.

Astigmatism

Developmental and degenerative opacity of the crystalline lens.

Cataract

Assessment for cataract

Seeing halo around lights, pain, blurriness,myopic shift, color shift,brunescens

earliest symptom of cataract

Seeing halo around lights

more on the blue end of the spectrum

Color shift

return of ability to do close work without glasses

Myopic shift

color values that shift to yellow- brown; white grey spot behind pupil

Brunescens

Surgical Management of cataract

Surgery: Intrascapular catarac Extracapsular cataract extraction Phacoemulsification

removing the lens including the lens capsule

Intra scapular cataract

removing the lens and the anterior portion of the lens, capsule, leaving the posterior capsule intact.

Extra scapular cataract extraction

a method of extracapsular surgery which uses an ultrasonic device that liquefies the nucleus and the cortex, which are then suctioned out.

Phacoemulsification

Nursing management Pre op for cataract

Withhold anticoagulants 5-7 days Administer dilating drops 1hr prior to surgery Prophylactic antibiotic Eye lashes should be trimmed at night Preop check list

Post-Operative for cataract

Wear protective eyepatch 24 hours post-op • Wear eyes shield at night; eye glasses in the morning for 1-4 weeks post-op • Flat, low Fowler’s or on un operative side for 3-4 weeks; avoid sleeping on operative side. • Avoid activities that will increase IOP

Can cataracts reappear after surgery?

“silent thief of sight”

Glaucoma

Acute

Closed angle (medical emergency)

Chronic

Open angle ( more common)

IOP measurement; findings:

Tonometry > 22mmhg

Optic nerve assessment; cupping of the optic disc

Ophthalmoscopy

anterior chamber angle assessment; determines angle, differentiates open & closed angle glaucoma

Gonioscopy

visual field assessment/ test for peripheral vision; tunnel vision

Perimetry

Medical Management (glaucoma)

Miotics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Anticholinesterase Beta-blockers

Lifelong; Pharmacologic therapy:

IOP control

Constricts pupils & increases outflow

Miotics

acetazolamide/ Diamox o Reduces the production of aqueous humor

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Suppress secretion of aqueous humor o One eye is treated first

Beta-blockers

Surgical Treatment for glaucoma

Trabeculotomy Trabeculectomy Drainage implants/shunts Trabectome surgery

Filtering procedure; loosely suturing of scleral flap through which fluid escapes resulting to absorption of aqueous.

Trabeculotomy

removal of part of the trabecular meshwork, allowing it to heal impartially, which would then serve as drainage.

Trabeculectomy

similar concept as filtering procedure, but drainage is at the episcleral plate in the conjunctiva.

Drainage implants/shunts

minimally invasive; (1.7mm incision) is made in the periphery of your cornea.

Trabectome surgery

How much of an incision is given to a trabectome surgery

1.7mm

An injury to cornea which goes not deeper than epithelium

Corneal abrasion

Hemorrhage into the orbit from trauma

Black eye

Management of black eye

Rest Ice Compress Elevate

Management for corneal abrasion

Tetracaine sol Stain with fluorescein Pain

n cause drying of the cornea with resulting chronic conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration.

Burns of the eye

with face or body burns

Thermal burns

Excessive sunlight or other strong light

Actinic trauma

Either acid or alkali in nature. Both cause intense pain and inflammation.

Chemical burns

Alkali eye burn are more severe than acid burn?

True

temporary vision condition caused by prolonged use of electronic devices.

Digital eye strain

Symptoms of digital strain eyes

Burning, itchy or tired eyes after using electronic devices • Headaches • Fatigue

Digital eye strain symptoms may be caused by:

Poor lighting • Glare on the computer screen • Improper viewing distances

Digital eye strain can be diagnosed through

comprehensive eye exam.

20-20-20 rule

Every 20 minutes • Take a 20 second break • And look at something 20 feet away

Preventing eye and vision problems

Check the height and position of the device • Check for glare on the screen • Reduce the amount of lighting in the room to match the computer screen • Keep blinking • Visit your optometrist

Children need to have an eye exam by an optometrist:

Between 6-12 months of age • Before age 3, and • Every year thereafter and throughout adulthood

Adults: see the optometrist yearly, unless directed to visit the doctor more frequently.

True