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Perf Tech > Perf Tech Test 9 > Flashcards

Perf Tech Test 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Antigen, Immunogen, Pathogen

A

antigen- foreign may cause response
immunogen- will cause an immune response
pathogen- antigen that causes disease

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2
Q

Leukocytes

A

neutrophils (40-75%), lymphocytes (20-45%), monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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3
Q

Granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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4
Q

Non circulating WBC

A

eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages

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5
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • first WBC to area
  • 50% circulating, 50% stuck to vessel wall
  • main function: phagocyte
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6
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • release antitoxin (Major Basic Protein) to destroy
  • work on parasites, foreign proteins, and self
  • also bind/destroy to IgE/G antibodies and complement proteins
  • involved with allergic reactions and release histamine
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7
Q

Basophils

A

-main function- release heparin (prevents clots so better BF) and histamine (vasodilator)
-have IgE receptor
- chemotaxis and phago activity
(similar to mast cells in tissues)

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8
Q

Monocytes

A

immature in circulation, mature in tissue (macrophages)

-antigen presenting cell (eat then show)

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9
Q

Different types of T cells

A

1) helper (CD4)
2) cytotoxic CD8
3) regulatory/suppressor - check “self”- autoimmune
4) memory

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10
Q

Antibodies

A

coate/opsonize antigen

activate complement and inflammation

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11
Q

Antigen Destruction by Antibodies

A

1) opsonization- label for destruction
2) lysis- complement activation leads to MAC (membrane attack complex, which lysis cell)
3) antibody-depended cell mediated cytoxiocity- cell destruction carried out by NFC, macrophages, neutrophils
4) neutralization- antibody prevents antigen’s toxins from doing its job

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12
Q

Antibody Classes

A

Ig; G, A, M, E, D
order of production; M, D, E, G
most common; G, M

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13
Q

IgG

A 
(Rh)- only one to cross placenta (hemolytic disease in newborn)
IgG 1- most bacteria
2- rest of bacteria
3- activates complement
4- vasodilator
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14
Q

IgA

A

in body fluid/mucous (tears, breast milk, saliva)

  • crosses epithelium
  • immobolized antigen
  • can trigger cell mediated response
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15
Q

IgM

A

10-15% of circulating antibodies

  • compliment activation
  • blood types (A,B)
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16
Q

IgD

A

assist in maturation of b cells

17
Q

IgE

A
  • allergic reactions! parasites

- stimulate histamine release from basophils, mast cells, eosinophils

18
Q

Antibodies: heaviest, most in blood, longest half life

A

heaviest- IgM
most in blood- IgG (1,2)
longest half life- IgG (1,2,4)

19
Q

Antibody Functions; opsonization, sensitizing mast cells, activating complement, cross epithelium, cross placenta

A 
1- IgG1
2- IgE
3- IgM, IgG3
4- IgA
5- IgG1
20
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

specific, diverse, memory, self regulated, self tolerant

21
Q

Immune Response 3 phases

A

1) cognitive- antigen binds to T cell
2) activator- T cells release cytokines (makes memory T cells and has B cells make antibodies)
3) effector- immune response

22
Q

T cells roles

A 
release cytokines to activate phago cells
kill by lysis (cytotoxic T cells)
aids B to make antibodies
rejects transplants
responsible for immune disorder
23
Q

T Cells CD

A

CD- coreceptors, proteins on membranes
1) CD4/helper T- binds to MHCII (extracellular)
2) CD8/cytotoxic T- binds to MHCI (intra)
MHC= major histocompatibility complex

24
Q

Inflammation Signs, Stages, Components

A

4 signs= redness and heat (vasodilation, BF), swelling (perm), pain
Stage 1- vasodilation and increase perm
Stage 2- WBC from blood to interstitial
Stage 3- Tissue Repair
Components= vascular and cellular reaction

25
Q

Which Chemical Mediators: Vasodilation, increase Perm, WBC recruitment, Fever

A

Vasodilation= histamine, NO
Perm= bradykinin, C3/5a
WBC recruitment= C5a, leukotriene, chemokine, IL-1
Fever= IL-1

26
Q

Vascular changes (vasodilation and perm)

A

histamine, kinins (chemotaxis agents for phago), prostaglandins (chemotines for emigration), leukotrienes (increase perm), compliment

27
Q

Extravasation steps

A

moving WBC from blood vessels to tissue

  • margination- WBC to wall of cap
  • rolling- tumble then attach
  • transmigration (diapedesis)= pulled through gaps
  • chemotaxis- migrate through interstitial to source
28
Q

SIRs Criteria

A

(most have 2 or more)

  • body temp higher 38 or lower 36
  • HR >90
  • Respiratory rate >20 (or pCO2 <32)
  • leukocyte count >12,000 or <4,000
29
Q

SIRAB

A

Systemic Inflammatory Response After Bypass

  • starts with cytokines by endothelial= neutrophil inflammation
  • biggest cause is foreign surface= bradykinin= increase dilation/perm, fibrinolysis

Perf Tech (6 decks)

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