Perf Tech Test 9 Flashcards
Antigen, Immunogen, Pathogen
antigen- foreign may cause response
immunogen- will cause an immune response
pathogen- antigen that causes disease
Leukocytes
neutrophils (40-75%), lymphocytes (20-45%), monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Non circulating WBC
eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages
Neutrophils
- first WBC to area
- 50% circulating, 50% stuck to vessel wall
- main function: phagocyte
Eosinophils
- release antitoxin (Major Basic Protein) to destroy
- work on parasites, foreign proteins, and self
- also bind/destroy to IgE/G antibodies and complement proteins
- involved with allergic reactions and release histamine
Basophils
-main function- release heparin (prevents clots so better BF) and histamine (vasodilator)
-have IgE receptor
- chemotaxis and phago activity
(similar to mast cells in tissues)
Monocytes
immature in circulation, mature in tissue (macrophages)
-antigen presenting cell (eat then show)
Different types of T cells
1) helper (CD4)
2) cytotoxic CD8
3) regulatory/suppressor - check “self”- autoimmune
4) memory
Antibodies
coate/opsonize antigen
activate complement and inflammation
Antigen Destruction by Antibodies
1) opsonization- label for destruction
2) lysis- complement activation leads to MAC (membrane attack complex, which lysis cell)
3) antibody-depended cell mediated cytoxiocity- cell destruction carried out by NFC, macrophages, neutrophils
4) neutralization- antibody prevents antigen’s toxins from doing its job
Antibody Classes
Ig; G, A, M, E, D
order of production; M, D, E, G
most common; G, M
IgG
(Rh)- only one to cross placenta (hemolytic disease in newborn) IgG 1- most bacteria 2- rest of bacteria 3- activates complement 4- vasodilator
IgA
in body fluid/mucous (tears, breast milk, saliva)
- crosses epithelium
- immobolized antigen
- can trigger cell mediated response
IgM
10-15% of circulating antibodies
- compliment activation
- blood types (A,B)
IgD
assist in maturation of b cells
IgE
- allergic reactions! parasites
- stimulate histamine release from basophils, mast cells, eosinophils
Antibodies: heaviest, most in blood, longest half life
heaviest- IgM
most in blood- IgG (1,2)
longest half life- IgG (1,2,4)
Antibody Functions; opsonization, sensitizing mast cells, activating complement, cross epithelium, cross placenta
1- IgG1 2- IgE 3- IgM, IgG3 4- IgA 5- IgG1
Adaptive Immunity
specific, diverse, memory, self regulated, self tolerant
Immune Response 3 phases
1) cognitive- antigen binds to T cell
2) activator- T cells release cytokines (makes memory T cells and has B cells make antibodies)
3) effector- immune response
T cells roles
release cytokines to activate phago cells kill by lysis (cytotoxic T cells) aids B to make antibodies rejects transplants responsible for immune disorder
T Cells CD
CD- coreceptors, proteins on membranes
1) CD4/helper T- binds to MHCII (extracellular)
2) CD8/cytotoxic T- binds to MHCI (intra)
MHC= major histocompatibility complex
Inflammation Signs, Stages, Components
4 signs= redness and heat (vasodilation, BF), swelling (perm), pain
Stage 1- vasodilation and increase perm
Stage 2- WBC from blood to interstitial
Stage 3- Tissue Repair
Components= vascular and cellular reaction
