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Prelims > perdev > Flashcards

perdev Flashcards

1
Q

A relatively stable set of perceptions one holds to oneself

A

Self Concept

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2
Q

-Very fluid and in a state of constant change
-There is more to self than is included within the self-concept
-Area that represents our untapped potential

A

Self

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3
Q

-More highly structured and difficult to change
-A portion may not actually be included in the self
-Area that represents the part of ourselves we invent

A

Self Concept

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4
Q

a behavior that provides us insight about our own state of mind

A

Self reflexive act

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5
Q

Refer to the positions that we hold with respect to other people

A

Social roles

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6
Q

Process of comparing ourselves to others to gain insight into our own traits and abilities

A

Social Comparison

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7
Q

the process wherein people base their sense of self on how they believe others view them; the social interaction is the “mirror,” and people use feedback from others to measure their own self-concept

A

Looking glass self

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8
Q

a mental representation of the combined viewpoints of all other people

A

Generalized other

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9
Q

illustrates the way our significant others (i.e., people who are important to us) influence our self-concept e.g. teachers influenced the students’ self-concepts

A

Pygmalion effect

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10
Q

mental picture we have of ourselves – it sums up the kind of person we think we are; composite of roles we claim and attitudes and beliefs we use to describe who and what we are to others

A

Self Image

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11
Q

self-evaluation; estimation of self-worth
include the value or importance we place on our perceived characteristics;

A

Self Esteem

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12
Q

refers to thinking about our strengths and weaknesses, about who we are (actual self) vs. who we’d like to be (ideal self).

A

Cognitive self esteem

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13
Q

refers to feelings about ourselves in reference to our analysis of our strengths and weaknesses.

A

Affective self esteem

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14
Q

refers to verbal and nonverbal behaviors such as disclosures, assertiveness, conflict strategies, and gestures.

A

Behavioral self esteem

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15
Q

composed of perceptions of how intelligent we are and what we assume our strengths be

A

Mental self

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16
Q

include perceptions of our body and how physically attractive we think we are

A

Physical self

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17
Q

include perceptions of self that we do not readily disclose to others

A

Private self

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18
Q

include those aspects of the self that we desire others to perceive

A

Public self

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19
Q

TF: Self-concept shifts over time and between situations

A

True

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20
Q

information that dominates a person’s sense of self at a particular point in time

A

Working self concept

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21
Q

refers to the act of willingly sharing information about ourselves to others.

A

Self disclosure

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22
Q
  • nonmoral characteristics that are usually innate and automatic
  • genetically influenced and associated with concrete consequences such as wealth
  • may be augmented, but improvements are typically small
  • e.g. athletic ability
A

Talents

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23
Q
  • moral built-in capacities for particular ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
A

Personal Strengths

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24
Q

ideas about oneself that are unproductive or that make it more difficult to achieve goals) and automatic negative thoughts

A

Self destructive beliefs

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25
Q

– a subjective experience of perceived intellectual phoniness that is held by high-achieving individuals who, despite of their objective successes, fail to internalize these successes

A

Impostor Phenomenon

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26
Q

intentionally revealing information about ourselves to another person that she or he is unlikely to discover in other ways

A

Self disclosure

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27
Q

basic functions essential for survival

A

Hindbrain

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28
Q

responsible for coordination of movement, equilibrium, procedural memory

A

Cerebellum

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29
Q

respiration, heart rate, blood pressure

A

Medulla

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30
Q

sleep and arousal

A

Pons

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31
Q

area for reward or pleasure that is stimulated by food, sex, money, music, attractive faces, and some drugs), visual and auditory reflexes, reticular formation (responsible for arousing the forebrain so that it is ready to process information from the senses)

A

Midbrain

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32
Q

highest center of the brain that perceives sensations, initiates voluntary movement, provide awareness of emotions, memory, thinking, planning, language abilities and other higher mental functions.

A

Forebrain

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33
Q

a thin layer cells

A

Cerebral cortex

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34
Q

control of emotions, judgements, voluntary movement, guide to the degree of complexity and motor capabilities

A

Frontal lobe

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35
Q

which matures at the age of 25, regulates activity in subcortical emotional centers, planning and supervising moral decisions, and when its functionality is altered may lead to impulsive aggression. Its lack of communication with amygdala is implicated with psychopathy.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

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36
Q

a surgical treatment in the 1930s that involves the removal of the 1/3 of the brain

A

Lobotamy

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37
Q

body sensory and spatial reasoning

A

Parietal Lobe

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38
Q

sense of vision

A

occipital lobe

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39
Q

sense of hearing

A

temporal lobe

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40
Q

the ability to understand the mental states of others

A

theory of mind

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41
Q

responsible for consolidating short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM)

A

Hippocampus

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42
Q

in processing emotions (fear)

A

Amygdala

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43
Q

responsible for expressive language (i.e. speaking)

A

Broca’s area

44
Q

responsible for receptive language (i.e. understanding verbal and nonverbal communication)

A

Wernicke’s Area

45
Q

carries the impulses back and forth from the body to brain or vice versa, and controls many reflexes

A

Spinal Chord

46
Q

are unlearned, involuntary reaction to stimulus

A

Reflexes

47
Q

transmits sensory information; controls external activities of skeletal muscles, skin and glands; regulates voluntary actions

A

Somatic Nervous System

48
Q

has 31 pairs

A

Spinal nerves

49
Q

has 12 pairs

A

Cranial nerves

50
Q

regulates involuntary actions and controls internal activities of the glands, internal organs, blood vessels etc.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

51
Q

stress or emergency situation; located in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

52
Q

takes over the body during the period of relaxation or quiescence

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

53
Q

structural unit of the nervous system; 100 billion

A

Neurons

54
Q

contains the nucleus; provides fuel, manufactures chemicals, and maintains the entire neuron in working order

A

Cell body/Soma

55
Q

short processes that carry signals TOWARDS from the cell body to neighboring neurons, organs or muscles after receiving signals in the form of neurotransmitters emitted from other nerve cells

A

Dendrites

56
Q

long processes that carry signals AWAY from the cell body to the neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles

A

Axon

57
Q

this is a fatty material that insulates an axon, protect it from damage and prevents interference from electrical signals from adjacent axons

A

Myelin Sheath

58
Q

where neurotransmitters are stored

A

Terminal buttons

59
Q

small gap between the terminal button and its adjacent organ, muscle or cell body. a one-way connection, meaning signals pass from axon to dendrite but do not travel in the opposite direction.

A

Synapse

60
Q

bring stimuli from the sensors to the CNS

A

Afferent

61
Q

connect sensory and motor neurons

A

Interneurons

62
Q

bring responses from the brain to the muscles and the glands

A

Efferent

63
Q

also known as conduction. Communication within the cell (Dendrites to Axon)

A

Electrical Transmission

64
Q

Electrical Signaling along the axon

A

Action potential

65
Q

Communication between neurons (intercellular signalling)l

A

Chemical transmission

66
Q

formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system.

A

Synaptogenesis

67
Q

brain nutrient that enhances neurons health

A

neurotrophins

68
Q

brain’s ability to grow and change; occurs throughout the life span

A

Neuroplasticity

69
Q

If neurons are not used at appropriate times during brain development, their ability to make connections dies.

A

Neural Pruning

70
Q

Programmed cell death that occurs through a series of events termed apoptosis and is an appropriate and essential event during brain development

A

Apoptosis

71
Q

– Active cell death
– Safer
– Removes excess neurons
– Appropriate and essential

A

Apoptosis

72
Q

– triggered by external factors
– Passive cell death
May lead to harmful inflammation

A

Necrosis

73
Q

are chemicals contained in synaptic vesicles held by the terminal buttons.

A

Neurotransmitters

74
Q

Transmitter at muscles; in brain, involved in learning, etc.

A

Acetylcholine

75
Q

Involved in mood, sleep, and arousal, aggression, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and alcoholism.

A

Serotonin

76
Q

Contributes to movement control and promotes reinforcing effects of food, sex, and abused drugs

A

Dopamine

77
Q

A hormone released during stress.

A

Norepinephrine

78
Q

A stress hormone related to norepinephrine;

A

Epinephrine

79
Q

The principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord.

A

Glutamate

80
Q

Neuromodulators that reduce pain and enhance reinforcement.

A

Endorphins

81
Q

complex psychophysiological experience

A

Emotions

82
Q

Starts with the state of arousal

A

Biological Component

83
Q

sends signals to the adrenal gland in order to prepare the body

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

84
Q

Keeps body from expanding energy

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

85
Q

overpowered by emotions

A

Emotional hijacking

86
Q

seat of all emotions

A

Amygdala

87
Q

emotional state occur at the same time (no role for thoughts)
event= arousal & emotion

A

Cannon-Bard Theory

88
Q

interpretations of the companying physiological actions
(event - arousal - emotion)

A

James-Lange Theory

89
Q

the experiences of emotion depends on two factors
1. physiological arousal
2. interpretation of arousal
(event - arousal - cognitive label (thought/reasoning) - emotion

A

Schater and Singer Theory

90
Q

thought must come first before any emotions
(event - thought = emotion & arousal)

A

Lazarus Theory

91
Q

changes in our facial muscles that cue our brains and provides the basis of our emotion

A

Facial Feedback Theory

92
Q

Eight primary emotions

A

Joy, Sadness, Disgust, Fear, Anger, Surprise, Anticipation, Trust

93
Q

experiences of emotion depends on the manner

A

Lazarus Theory

94
Q

determined by our appraisal

A

Subjective Labeling

95
Q

ability to understand, use and manage our emotions

A

Emotional Intelligence

96
Q

tune in one’s feelings

A

Self awareness

97
Q

Controls disruptive impulses

A

Self Regulation

98
Q

maintain standards of honesty and integrity

A

Trustworthiness

99
Q

takes reponsibility

A

Consentiousness

100
Q

flexibility in handling change

A

Adaptability

101
Q

open to new ideas

A

Innovation

102
Q

refreames negative thoughts

A

Motivation

103
Q

recognize or understand how others feel

A

Empathy

104
Q

people skills

A

Social Skills

105
Q

not expressing ones needs and feelings

A

passive

106
Q

threatening manner

A

Aggressive

107
Q

honest and respectful ways

A

Assertive

Prelims (2 decks)

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