Percieved Wellbeing After Exercise

Question 1

IV

Answer 1

Ps who exercise for 1 hour per day for 5 days and those who don’t.

Question 2

DV

Answer 2

Level of well-being on a scale of 1 to 10.

Question 3

Research aim

Answer 3

To discover the effects of exercise on wellbeing. Hoping to find exercise improves overall well-being for Ps who took part compared to those who did not exercise.

Question 4

Operationalised alternative hypothesis

Answer 4

Participants who exercise for 1 hour per day for 5 days will have significantly higher perceived well-being on a scale of 1 to 10 than those who did not exercise for 5 days.

Question 5

Is alternative hypothesis directional or non-directional?

Answer 5

Directional (one tailed)

Question 6

Why did you choose to use directional hypothesis?

Answer 6

Due to previous research carried out by Helen Sanders (2018) - people who exercise have higher productivity and brain function which helps you live a happier more clear life.

Question 7

Appropriate null hypothesis

Answer 7

Participants who exercise for 1 hour per day for 5 days will not have significantly higher perceived well-being on a scale of 1 to 10 than those who did not exercise for 5 days, and any difference in well-being is due to chance factors alone.

Question 8

Characteristics of sample group

Answer 8

30 Ps - 15 in each group
Variety of males and females - 16 females, 14 males
Age range - 17 to 35

Question 9

Sampling method

Answer 9

Opportunity sampling

Question 10

Two advantages of opportunity sampling

Answer 10

Convenient to choose family and friends to be in the sample and they are readily available.
Quick method of gathering participants.

Question 11

Two limitations of opportunity sampling

Answer 11

Researcher bias as researcher chooses who will take part.

Sample will not be easily generalisable to the rest of the population.

Question 12

Most appropriate method?

Answer 12

Questionnaire

Question 13

Two advantages of questionnaire

Answer 13

Open questions means you can gain rich, qualitative data to discover how Ps really feel when they exercise or not - higher in validity.
Closed questions help researchers quantify data/make quantitative, easier to analyse and display.

Question 14

Two disadvantages of questionnaire

Answer 14

Can have low response rates as Ps forget to fill them in.

Ps may show social desirability or lie in questionnaire.

Question 15

What design was chosen?

Answer 15

Independent groups design

Question 16

Why did you choose independent groups design?

Answer 16

There will be 2 conditions in study - those who exercise and those who don’t. They will both complete the same questionnaire. Results will be compared between each group.

Question 17

Two strengths of independent groups design

Answer 17

No practise effects as Ps only carried out the conditions of the study once.
No boredom as Ps only carried out the conditions of the study once.

Question 18

Two weaknesses of independent groups design

Answer 18

Individual differences.

More Ps need to be found for each condition which is time consuming .

Question 19

Appropriate descriptive statistic that could be used to describe data selected/measure of central tendency

Answer 19

Median

Question 20

Why is choice of descriptive statistic appropriate?

Answer 20

Ordinal data is used for Mann Whitney test.

Data can be placed in order, middle value found.

Question 21

Advantage of median

Answer 21

Data is not skewed by extreme scores

Question 22

Disadvantage of median

Answer 22

Not all the scores in the distribution are taken into account, only the middle value.

Question 23

Appropriate graphical representation

Answer 23

Bar chart

Question 24

Why did you choose a bar chart?

Answer 24

Bar charts used when data is ordinal or nominal

Question 25

Appropriate inferential statistic

Answer 25

Mann Whitney U test

Question 26

Why Mann Whitney U test?

Answer 26

Ordinal data
Independent groups design
Looking for a difference between groups

Question 27

Identify one finding of study

Answer 27

Research supported hypothesis and research by Sanders and exercise does improve well-being.

Question 28

Two issues of reliability faced

Answer 28

Uncertain about the external reliability of this research.

Students to think of one another.

Question 29

How did you establish your research was reliable?

Answer 29

Test re-test reliability.

Inter-rater reliability.

Question 30

Two issues of validity faced in research

Answer 30

Internal validity - demand characteristics, extraneous variables, experiment effects, experimenter bias.
External validity - situational factors like time of day, type of exercise, location of exercise.

Question 31

How did you establish your research was valid?

Answer 31

Face validity - it does have validity, does measure what it claims to measure.
Construct validity - results were similar to studies by others.

Question 32

Ethical issues concerned about before research

Answer 32

Protection from harm
Right to withdraw
Confidentiality of data
Valid consent

Question 33

How did you deal with ethical issues?

Answer 33

Protection from harm - carried research over a short period of time to lessen stress
Right to withdraw - Ps knew they have the right to withdraw
Confidentiality of data - data would remain confidentiality
Valid consent - Debriefed after, some deception as not told hypothesis but provided with fully valid consent

Question 34

Two ways you could improve research

Answer 34

Change design to repeated measure to reduce participant variables.
Increase number of Ps and using Ps outside of family and friends.