Perceptual disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Loss of all cone receptors; no color vision, poor vision in lit conditions, poor sptial detail

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2
Q

Congenital analgesia

A

Lack of nociceptors; cannot feel pain, suceptible to infection, injury, and loss of limbs; cause of Leprosy

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3
Q

Cause of total blindness

A

Complete damage to V1

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4
Q

Opposite of blindsight

A

Anton-Babinski syndrome

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5
Q

Visual object agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects; left occipital lobe (V2), although most common bilateral

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6
Q

Object agnosia for drawings

Location of damage

A

Cannot recognize drawings (2D objects) but can recognize objects in real world
V2

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7
Q

Prosopagnosia locations of damage (2)

A

Bilateral damage to interior temporal area, or:

Right posterior parietal lobe

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8
Q

Cortical motion blindness (akinetopsia)

Location of damage

A

Cannot detect motion

Small visual area (MT, V5)

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9
Q

Hemifield Neglect

Location of damage

A

Inability to recognize and neglect of one side of visual field or body
Right poterior parietal lobe

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10
Q

Dorsal simultanagnosia

Location of damage

A

Inability to see multiple things at same time

Bilateral damage to parietal and occipital lobes

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11
Q

Ventral simultanagnosia

A

Inability to recognize multiple things at same time (can see them)
Bilateral damage to temporal and occipital lobes

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12
Q

Paralexia vs paragraphia

A

Reading only one side of word vs writing only one side of word

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13
Q

Hemiakinesia

A

Poverty of movement of one side of body

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14
Q

Anosognosia

Location

A

Denial of illness or symptoms

Frontal and parietal lobes

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15
Q

Astereognosia (tactile aphasia)

A

Inability to recognize objects from touch

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16
Q

Asomatognosia

Location

A

Loss of knowledge or sense of one’s own body & bodily condition; may be unilaterlal or bilateral loss of sensation
Most common: neglect of left side of body resulting from right hemispheric lesions

17
Q

Somatoparaphrenia and misoplegia

Location

A

Denial of ownership of affected limb or hand
Feelings of revulsion towards limb
Substantial right hemisphere lesions, involving parietal and somatosensory cortex

18
Q

Agnosia

A

Conscious inability to identify sensory stimuli not due to deficits in sensory, verbal, or cognitive abilities

19
Q

Phantom limb phenomenon

A

Sensation of amputed limb

Cortical neurons for that limb may continue to fire but can also occur for congenital limb loss

20
Q

Apraxia

A

Skilled loss of movement that is not caused by weakness; an inability to move; abnormal tone or posture
Intellectual deterioration, poor comprehension, or other disorders of movement such as a tremor

21
Q

Ideomotor apraxia

A

Patient unable to copy movements or make gestures

Left posterior parietal area

22
Q

Constructional apraxia

A

Patients are unable to perform sequenced activities such as assembling, building, or drawing
Either parietal lobe

23
Q

Auditory agnosias

A

Difficulty distinguishing between environmental sounds or environmental from speech sounds

24
Q

Types of auditory agnosias

A

Semantic associative - loss of meaning of spoken words; lesion to left hemisphere (Wernicke’s area)
Discriminitive - cannot interpret non-speech sounds and relate their cause; right hemisphere damage

25
Phonagnosia
Inability to recognize or distinguish between voices Recognition: right parietal Discrimination: unilateral temporal
26
Amusia
Disruption in recognition of music
27
Anosmia
Inability to detect odors
28
Hyposmia
Decreased ability to detect odors
29
Dysosmia
Distorted identification of smell
30
Phantosmia
Perception of smell without odor present
31
Causes of anosmia (4)
Inflammation of nasal passages Minor head trauma causing damage to frontal lobe or olfactory cortex Congenital Degenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's, Alzheimer's)
32
Ageusia
Inability to taste
33
Hypogeusia
Decreased ability to taste
34
Dysgeusia
Disordered taste sensation
35
Causes of ageusia (2)
Damage to lingual or glossopharyngeal nerve, or chorda tympani Neurological conditions like Bell's palsy and MS
36
Time agnosia
Loss of comprehension of the succession and duration of events Damage to basal ganglia (causes slowing of mental processing), schizophrenia, or autism
37
Difference between time agnosia caused by autism and schizophrenia
Autism - agnosia for long time intervals | Schizophrenia - all time intervals