Perception (aka kill me now)

Question 1

What is the folk psychological view of perception.

Answer 1

Perceiving the world involves being directly aware of objects which exist independently of us

Question 2

Argument against the FPP from illusion.

Answer 2

P1: In an illusory experience, you are not directly aware of an ordinary object
P2: The same account of experience must apply to both veridical (truthful) and illusory experiences
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C: You are never directly aware of ordinary objects

Question 3

Argument against FPP from hallucination.

Answer 3

P1: A hallucinatory experience as an object as F is not a case of direct awareness of an ordinary object
P2: Veridical experiences of ordinary objects as F and their hallucinatory counterparts are to be given the same account
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C: one is not directly aware of ordinary objects in veridical experience

Question 4

What’s the argument against FPP from perspectival variation?

Answer 4

P1: An experience counts as direct awareness of x only if the properties of the experience appropriately covary with certain of the properties of x.
P2: In the phenomenon of perspectival variation, the properties of veridical experience do not appropriately covary with the properties of ordinary objects.
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C: So, one is not directly aware of ordinary objects in veridical experience

Question 5

What is sense data?

Answer 5

Objects of direct awareness

So the qualities of awareness are qualities of direct awareness

Sense-data is mind dependent

Question 6

What is the argument for sense-data?

Answer 6

P1: Illusions, hallucinations, and perspectival variation cases are all cases of direct awareness of sense-data.
P2: Veridical experiences, illusions, hallucinations, and perspectival variation cases are to be given the same account.
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C: All perceptual experiences are cases of direct awareness of sense-data.

We are behind a ‘veil of perception’ and don’t know what’s on the other side

Question 7

Physicalism’s argument against sense data.

Answer 7

P1: Physicalism is true.
P2: According to sense data theory, sense data have the properties they appear to have.
P3: No relevant physical candidates (e.g. brain states) have the relevant properties.
C1: Sense data must be non-physical.
P4: Physicalism entails that nothing non-physical exists.
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C2: Sense-data don’t exist.

Question 8

Indeterminancy argument against sense-data

Answer 8

P1: According to sense data theory, sense data have all the properties we experience.
P2: According to sense data theory, we have direct awareness of sense data.
C1: According to sense data theory, we have direct awareness of all the properties we
experience.
C2: According to sense data theory, it is impossible to have an experience with properties
you do not have direct awareness of.
P3: It is possible to have an experience with properties you do not have direct awareness of.
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C3: Sense data theory is false.

Question 9

What are primary and secondary qualities?

Answer 9

Primary qualities are qualities which resemble how ordinary objects are “in themselves”.
Secondary qualities are qalities which don’t resemble how ordinary objects are “in themselves”.
Instead: ordinary objects have the power to cause secondary qualities in perceivers eg, taste, colour. Do not accurately represent ow mind-independent reality is.

Question 10

Berkleys argument that pirmary qualities are mind-dependent.

Answer 10

P1: If primary qualities cannot be abstracted from colours, then primary qualities cannot exist apart from colours.
P2: Primary qualities cannot be abstracted from colours.
C1: Primary qualities cannot exist apart from colours.
P3: Colours are mind-dependent.
P4: If colours are mind-dependent, and primary qualities cannot exist apart from colours, then primary qualities are mind-dependent.
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C2: Primary qualities are mind-dependent.