Perception Flashcards
What is perception?
The cognitive construct/internal representation of the outside world
Definition of perception
Processed by which cognitive system constructs an internal representation of the outside world
Define construct
Active process, not a photo
Representation
Not accurate
Bottom up processing
Light – eye – retina – rods and cones – neural activity - primary visual cortex – higher visual areas
Top down modulation
- previous high-level knowledge can influence perception
- higher level brain areas are influenced by neural processing and lower level perception areas
Gestalt theory
Principle of totality. take into accounts all possible parts of perception
Principle of pragnanz
Sensory input is processed in an orderly symmetric way
Proximity
Objects close together for a group
Similarity
Similar visual elements form a group
Continuity
smooth continuous pattern
Law of figure ground segregation
We tend to structure a visual field into two parts of figure and ground
What does the gestalt theory not tell us?
Doesn’t tell us why there is no reference to depth perception, and there is no real model for it
Definition of attention
Cognitive process of selectively, concentrating on one aspect of external or internal environments while ignoring other aspects
Cocktail party phenomenon
Focus on one conversation despite everything else going on
Dichotic listening paradigm
Different messages played in each year found that when voices had the same physical processes, you could not separate messages by meeting alone
Broad bent
Early selection processing- unattended information filtered out completely
Attenuator model
Unattended as attenuated early in processing
Delete selection model
All information processed, but filtered out late in the process
What does practice do?
Shifts how the task is performed period controlled and automatic use different cognitive processes
Unpracticed / controlled = general algorithms for problems
Automatic = remembers all past solutions
What is the dangers of automaticity
Highway hypnosis, driving without awareness
