Perception

Question 1

What is Perceptional Organization?

Answer 1

Making sense of things by imposing structure.

Question 2

What viewpoint (old dude) is Perceptional Organization? Explain.

Answer 2

Gestalt Viewpoint. The whole is different from its parts.

Question 3

What are the 2 principles of Perceptional Organization?

Answer 3

Figure ground and grouping.

Question 4

What is figure ground?

Answer 4

Organize stimulus into figure and ground (old/young woman example).

Question 5

What is grouping?

Answer 5

Putting things together to form groups.

Question 6

What are the 4 principles of grouping?

Answer 6

Similarity, proximity, closure, and continuity.

Question 7

What is grouping by similarity?

Answer 7

Grouping together stimulus by similar elements (look alike).

Question 8

What is grouping by Proximity?

Answer 8

Grouping together stimulus by how close together they are. The closer events/objects are to one another, the more they are perceived as belonging together.

Question 9

What is grouping by Closure?

Answer 9

Filling in missing contours (connections) to form a complete object.

Question 10

What is grouping by Continuity?

Answer 10

Creates a continuous form or pattern.

Question 11

What is Perceptional Set?

Answer 11

A readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular way.

Question 12

Why do Perceptional Sets differ from person to person?

Answer 12

Expectation, culture, and experience can influence perceptions.

Question 13

What is functional fixedness?

Answer 13

Seeing an object as having one function, you are perceptually set to see this function and are unable to see other functions. (rat/man example).

Question 14

What are Perceptual Consistencies?

Answer 14

Help see things as the same, even though they appear to change. Allows us to recognize familiar stimuli under various conditions, giving a stable experience even though the sensory input is ever changing.

Question 15

What are the 3 kinds of perceptual consistency?

Answer 15

Size consistency, shape consistency, and brightness/color consistency.

Question 16

What is Size Consistency?

Answer 16

Changes in size of a retinal image is interpreted as changes in distance.

Question 17

What is Shape Consistency?

Answer 17

The perceived shape of an object remains the same, even when seen at different angles (Same shape, regardless of viewing angle).

Question 18

What is Brightness/Color Consistency?

Answer 18

The brightness of the color of an objet remains the same under different conditions of illumination.

Question 19

What is depth perception?

Answer 19

How far or near object are.

Question 20

What are the 2 cues for perceiving depth?

Answer 20

Binocular and Monocular cues.

Question 21

What is meant by binocular cues?

Answer 21

Require the use of both eyes.

Question 22

What is meant by monocular cues?

Answer 22

Only require 1 eye.

Question 23

What are the 2 binocular cues mentioned in class?

Question 24

What is eye convergence? Give an example.

Answer 24

Your eyes rotate inward to view a close object (cross eyed).

Question 25

What is binocular disparity?

Answer 25

Each eye sees a slightly different image because of a slightly different viewing angle.

Question 26

What is another name for binocular disparity?

Answer 26

Retinal Disparity

Question 27

What is the difference between pictorial and non-pictorial depth cues?

Answer 27

Pictorial cues may be perceived with only one eye and Non-pictorial cues always require both eyes to be working together.

Question 28

What is another name for interposition?

Answer 28

Superposition

Question 29

What is linear perspective?

Answer 29

The perception that parallel lines converge in the distance.

Question 30

What is interposition?

Answer 30

Objects closer to us may cut off part of our view of more distant objects.

Question 31

What is elevation?

Answer 31

The height in plane, and horizontal plane.

Question 32

What is texture gradient?

Answer 32

closer objects have greater detail.

Question 33

What is relative size?

Answer 33

If 2 objects are (thought to be) of smaller size, the one that appears smaller will be judged to be further away.

Question 34

What is motion parallax?

Answer 34

If we are moving, nearby objects appear to move faster than objects that are further away.

Question 35

What is ocular accommodation?

Answer 35

The ability of the lens to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus.

Question 36

What is another name for Ocular accommodation?

Answer 36

visual accommodation.

Question 37

When does depth perception start?

Answer 37

Around 5 months old.

Question 38

What is a visual cliff and what is it used for?

Answer 38

An apparent, but not actual, drop to test a babies depth perception.

Question 39

What is perception of movement?

Answer 39

Whether an object is moving, how fast is it going, and where it is heading.

Question 40

What are the 2 types of motion?

Answer 40

Real and apparent.

Question 41

What is meant by real motion?

Answer 41

Physical displacement of an object from one position to another.

Question 42

How does figure ground help us to determine real motion?

Answer 42

Stimulus crosses different backgrounds.

Question 43

What is looming?

Answer 43

When an object begins moving closer to the eye.

Question 44

What is apparent motion?

Answer 44

Perception of motion when there is none.

Question 45

What are the 2 types of apparent motion discussed in class?

Answer 45

Stroboscopic Motion (illusion) and Autokinetic Effect (illusion).

Question 46

What is stroboscopic motion?

Answer 46

An illusion of movement/motion created when we see slightly different images in rapid succession (motion pictures; Old flip books) or slightly displaced lights flashed on and off in rapid succession. (Railroad Crossing; lights around marquees)

Question 47

What is Autokinetic Illusion of Motion?

Answer 47

The perceived motion created by a single stationary object. Slight movement of the eye muscles.

Question 48

What is an example of Autokinetic Illusion of Motion?

Answer 48

Standing in a room that is absolutely dark and stare at a tiny spot of light, light will appear to move because no frame of reference.

Question 49

What are illusions?

Answer 49

Compelling but incorrect perceptions. A visual stimulus that "fools" the eye.

Question 50

What are the 3 kinds of illusions talked about in class?

Answer 50

Ponzo Illusions, Ames Room Illusions, and Muller-Lyer Illusions.