Perceived Costs and Benefits

Question 1

Tendency to value the present over the future.

Answer 1

Present Bias

Question 2

Tendency to choose small, immediate rewards
at the expense of larger, more significant rewards
that occur later in the future.

Answer 2

Present Bias

Question 3

Placing a higher value on instant gratification,
and a lower value on delayed gratification.

Answer 3

Present Bias

Question 4

It is difficult to choose to do
something that’s good for us in the future
instead of just doing what feels good right now.

Answer 4

Present Bias

Question 5

Choosing to sleep in instead of waking up to exercise.
Even if you enjoy the physical and mental benefits of exercise,
you don’t want to leave the comfort of your bed.

Answer 5

Present Bias

Question 6

Tendency to listen more often to information that confirms our existing beliefs.

Answer 6

Confirmation Bias

Question 7

Favouring information that reinforces what you already think or believe.

Answer 7

Confirmation Bias

Question 8

Only paying attention to information that confirms your beliefs about issues such as animal rights.

Answer 8

Confirmation Bias

Question 9

Choosing news sources,
or following social media influencers
that support your views

Answer 9

Confirmation Bias

Question 10

Refusing to listen to the opposing side.

Answer 10

Confirmation Bias

Question 11

Tendency to see events, even random ones, as more predictable than they are.

Answer 11

Hindsight Bias

Question 12

Commonly referred to as the “I knew it all along” phenomenon.

Answer 12

Hindsight Bias

Question 13

Tendency to be overly influenced by the first impression

Answer 13

Anchoring Bias

Question 14

The physician’s first impressions of the patient can sometimes incorrectly influence all subsequent diagnostic assessments

Answer 14

Anchoring Bias

Question 15

The first number voiced during a price negotiation typically becomes the anchoring point from which all further negotiations are based.

Answer 15

Anchoring Bias

Question 16

Tendency for memories to be heavily influenced by things that happened after the actual event itself.

Answer 16

Misinformation Effect

Question 17

Research has shown that simply asking questions about an event can change someone’s memories of what happened.

Answer 17

Misinformation Effect

Question 18

Watching television coverage may change how people remember the event.

Answer 18

Misinformation Effect

Question 19

Hearing other people talk about their memory of an event, from their perspective, may change your memory of what transpired.

Answer 19

Misinformation Effect

Question 20

People who watched a video of a car crash were asked one of two questions: “How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?” or “How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?”

The witnesses were asked a week later whether they had seen any broken glass.Those who had been asked the “smashed into” version of the question were more likely to report incorrectly that they had seen broken glass.

Answer 20

Misinformation Effect

Question 21

New information may get blended with older memories.
New information may be used to fill in “gaps” in memory.

Answer 21

Misinformation Effect

Question 22

Tendency to attribute our actions to external influences,
and other people’s actions to internal ones.

Answer 22

Actor - Observer
Bias

Question 23

When you are late, it’s because of traffic.
When someone else is late, it’s because of their poor time management skills.

Answer 23

Actor - Observer
Bias

Question 24

Tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with one’s own beliefs, behaviours, attitudes, and values.

Answer 24

False Consensus
Effect

Question 25

Thinking that many other people share your interests.

Answer 25

False Consensus Effect

Question 26

The belief that everybody enjoys travel.

Answer 26

False Consensus Effect

Question 27

Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you

Answer 27

False Consensus effect

Question 28

Tendency to focus more on the immediate payoff, even if there is a negative long term impact.

Answer 28

Present Bias

Question 29

Avoiding short-term discomfort, even if it leads to larger negative outcomes in the long run

Answer 29

Present Bias