Per Scholas Flashcards
What are the six steps to trouble shooting as defined by Comptia?
- Identify the problem
- Establish a theory of probable cause
- Test the theory to determine cause.
- Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement a solution
- Verify full system functionality and implement preventative measures
- Document findings, actions, and outcomes
ESD
Electrical static discharge.
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference
EMI
Electrical Magnetic Interference
What is data storage?
Saving a permanent copy of your work so you can come back to it later.
Side by side apps
Logo key + Left
Start button Windows 8?
Logo key
File extension for excel?
xlsx
How do you locate special characters?
Character Map
What is a CLI?
Abbreviated as CLI, a Command Line Interface connects a user to a computer program or operating system. Also known as the Command browser.
Type CMD into the search bar and it will pop up.
What is DIR in command line directory?
It displays all the files and folders in a specific directory.
How do you get into the command line in LInux?
In most cases its, CTRL-ALT-T.
In GNOME, All settings, click on the wrench and screw driver.
KDE Plasma Desktop-Kickoff
What is an EDB?
External Dats Bus- enables external devices and components to connect with a computer
What are registers and the four types of registers?
Is a quickly accessible location available to a computer’s processor. AX through DX and is a part of the processor.
What does a clock wire do? CLK Wire
Lets the CPU know that another piece of information is waiting to be processed.
What is a single charge to the clock wire?
Clock Cycle
What is the maximum number of clock cycles called that a CPU can handle? And what is it measured in?
Clock speed and Hertz
What does a system crystal do?
Determines the speed at which a CPU and the PC operate.
What is a set of commands called?
A program
What is DRAM used for?
Is used for temporary main system memory.
What does an MCC do?
Interconnects with the RAM and the CPU. The CPU, tells the MCC which row of data it needs. Which is also connected to an address bus that allows for communication between the CPU and the MCC.
What does an address bus do?
Transfer data between internal devices.
What are the four steps in pipelining?
- Fetch-Get the data from the EDB
- Decode-Figure out what type of command needs to be executed.
- Execute-Perform the calculation
- Write-Send the data back onto the EDB.
What is a pipeline?
Each stage that does its job within each clock cycle.
ALU
Arithmetic logic unit. Does math equations within a CPU.
FPU
Handles complex math within a CPU.
What does cache do?
Cached data works by storing data for re-access in a device’s memory found in the CPU with SRAM.
What is a wait state?
Stall in the pipeline.
What is SRAM?
Reduces wait states and is built into the CPU.
What is a front side bus?
Connected CPU, MCC, and RAM.
What is a backside bus?
Connection between the CPU and the L2 Cache.
What is an L2 Cache?
SRAM!
What is hyper threading?
Allows multiple threads to run on each core, this means more work can be done in parallel.
What is a duel core?
Two CPUs combined.
What is a multicore processor?
Multiple CPUs able to handle multiple threads.
What is an IMC?
Integrated Memory Controller. Optimized the flow of information into and out from the CPU.
What is a GPU?
Graphics processing unit.
What is an NX bit?
Technology that enables the CPU to protect itself.
Intel-XD bit (eXecute disable)
AMD-Enhanced virus protection
ARM-XN (eXecute Never)
How to identify a processor.
AMD Ryzen 7 2700X AMD Ryzen = Brand 2 = Generation 7 = Performance level 00 = Model number X = Power suffix (X indicates high performance)
What is a ZIF socket?
Is where the CPU is installed.
Heat Sink
Pulls air from the CPU to cool it down.
How does liquid cooling work?
Runs liquid usually water through a metal block that sits on top of the CPU to cool it down.
What is thermal paste?
It allows for an efficient transfer of heat from the IHS of the processor to the base plate or water block of the CPU cooler that is designed to dissipate that heat.
What is overclocking?
Overriding the factory setting of the CPU to obtain faster clock speeds. \Can be accessed through the CMOS settings and adjusting the voltage.
Intel Core M
Intel Core M is a family of ultra low-voltage microprocessors belonging to the Intel Core series and designed specifically for ultra-thin notebooks, 2-in-1 detachable, and other mobile devices.
Best way to change a document format?
Manually in the file save command.
What is ROM? And DONT FORGET THIS TIME!
Read only memory- Contains permanent or semi permanent data.
SRAM
SRAM gives fast access to data, but it is physically relatively large.… Static RAM (SRAM), which does not have to be refreshed. Although faster than DRAM, SRAM uses more transistors and is thus more costly; it is used primarily for CPU internal registers and cache memory
Desktop?
Background of the computer.
What does right clicking with the mouse do?
Opens the context menu.
What is a tree pattern?
Root: drive or disk
Followed by folder sub folder.
How do you get into the command line in Linux?
Terminal
What are three items that ward electricity?
Wrist strap, bag and mat.
What does an operating system do?
Controls the system and the hardware.
SDRAM
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory-Used in modern systems
What’s the ram stick called?
DIMM-Early makes were called SIMM
What’s a laptop RAM stick called?
SODIMM- Small outline duel inline memory module.
Where do you install the RAM sticks?
In the memory bank in the DIMM slots.
Duel channel architecture
Using two sticks together to increase through put.
Duel channel architecture, triple and quad.
Using two or more sticks together to increase through put.
Single sided RAM and Double sided ram
Double sided RAM has RAM on only one side of the stick. Single is throughout.
Cache
is the data being stored.
IMC-Integrated memory controller chip.
Built into the CPU.
NX bit technology-MPU=Memory protection unit.
Protects the memory of the CPU.
What is a platform controller hub and explain to me the entire sequence from keyboard inward.
PCH-The PCH controls certain data paths and support functions used in conjunction with Intel CPUs. So the CPU talks to the PCH and gives it the commands it needs in order to talk to the ROM, which in turn is connected to the keyboard and the keyboard
What is UEFI?
The modern bios
What is the CMOS?
Tiny bit of ram that when the PC is off has the stored settings from the ROM and then gives that back to rom when the PC is turned on.
What is the system setup utility?
It allows you to access the the bios which is found in the ROM.
What is the boot strap loader?
Bios code tacked onto the end of the post program.
What is a boot sequence?
The PCs Cmos setup utility.
What is a bootable disk and system disk?
Any device with an operating system.
What is the power good wire?
A wire when you first turn on your computer your system checks the circutry and then sends a signal out to awaken the CPU.
PXE
enables you to boot a PC without any local storage by retrieving an operating system from a server or network.
What is flashing the ROM?
Firmware update.
Sata
cables are used to connect storage devices to your computer’s motherboard
EPROM
It is a non-volatile flash memory device, that is, stored information is retained when the power is removed. Data saved in an EEPROM chip is permanent, until the client chooses to delete and replace the data that it contains. The information saved in an EEPROM chip is not lost even when power is turned off.
Option ROM
An Option ROM is a piece of firmware that resides in BIOS or on an expansion card, which gets shadowed into memory and executed to initialise the device and register it with the BIOS. It is essentially a driver that interfaces between BIOS services and hardware.
