Peopleware Flashcards
software is also called a p___r__.
[NOTES]
- It consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform
and how to perform them
- It has a g___h___l u__r i____f__e (GUI) which is used to interact
with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as
icons.
program
graphical user interface
2 Categories of Software:
- S__t_m S_______
- A_p__a___n S_______
System Software
Application Software
- category of software that consists of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
[NOTES]
- it serves as the i____f__e between the user, the application
software, and the computer’s hardware.
system software
interface
2 Types of System software
• O___r____ s____m
• U____t_ p___r___s or t___s
Operating system
Utility programs or tools
an o______ s_____ (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among
computer hardware resources.
[NOTES]
- Provides a means for users to communicate with the computer and
other software.
- OS that a computer uses is called the p______r_.
operating system
platform
a c____-p_____ p______ is one that runs the same on multiple
operating systems.
cross-platform program
B_____g is the process of starting or restarting a computer.
booting
C___ b__t is a process of starting a computer or mobile device
from a state when it is powered off completely.
cold boot
W___ b__t is the process of restarting a computer or mobile
device while it remains powered on.
warm boot
b___ d____e is the drive from which personal computer starts,
which typically is an internal hard drive, such as a hard disk or
SSD.
boot drive
b___ d___ or a r___o___y d__k is a special disk that contains a
few system files that will start the computer.
boot disk or a recovery disk
2 Shut down option modes:
- S___p m___
- H____n__e m___e
Sleep mode
Hibernate mode
shut down option mode where it saves any open documents and running programs or apps to RAM,
turns off all unneeded functions and places the computer in a low-power state
Sleep mode
shut down option mode where it saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal an HARD DRIVE before removing power from the computer or device
Hibernate mode
u___ i____f____ (UI) controls how user enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
[NOTES]
- User interact with software through its user interface.
user interface
2 TYPES OF USER INTERFACE:
- G____c__ U___ I____f____ (GUI)
- C___n_-L___ I_____c_ (CLI)
Graphical User Interface
Command-Line Interface
user interface which interact with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other
graphical objects to issue commands.
[NOTES]
a GUI designed for touch input
sometimes is called a touch user interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
user interface in which user types commands represented
by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys to enter
data and instructions. When working with a CLI, the set of commands
used to control actions is called the command language.
Command-Line Interface (CLI)
s_____ t____i__ operating system allows only one program or
app to run at a time.
single tasking
m___t____s___g operating system allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time.
[NOTES]
When a computer is
running multiple programs concurrently, one program is in the
foreground and the others are in the background.
multitasking
m___u___r operating system enables two or more users to run
programs simultaneously.
[NOTES]
-Networks, servers, mainframes and supercomputers allow hundreds to
thousands of users to connect at the same time, and thus are multiuser.
multiuser
m____p______g operating system supports two or more
processors running programs at the same time.
[NOTES]
-Involves the coordinated processing of programs by more than one
processor
multiprocessing
M____y M_______t purpose is to optimize the use of a computer or
device’s internal memory. OS allocates, or assigns, data and instructions to an
area of memory while they are being processed.
Memory Management
V____l M____y is used when OS allocates a portion of a storage medium, such as a hard drive or a USB flash drive, to function as additional RAM.
[NOTES]
- The area of the hard drive used for virtual memory is called a swap file because it swaps data, information, and instructions between memory and storage. A page is the amount of data and program instructions that can be swapped at a given time.
- The technique of swapping items between memory and storage, called paging, is a time-consuming process for the computer. When an operating system spends much of its time paging it is said to be thrashing.
Virtual Memory
b_____r is a segment of memory or storage in which items are placed
while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output
device.
buffer
s______g is a process that sends documents to be printed to a buffer
instead of sending them immediately to the printer. Multiple documents line up in a queue in the buffer. Print spooler intercepts documents to be printed from the OS and places them in the queue.
spooling
d____r or d____e d____r is a small program that tells the
operating system how to communicate with a specific device.
driver or device driver
p___ a__ p___y means the OS automatically configures new
devices as you install or connect them.
Plug and Play
p___f_____n___ m__i___r is a program that assesses and reports
information about various computer resources and devices
[NOTES]
Information in performance reports helps users and administrators identify a problem with resources so that they
can try to resolve any issues.
performance monitor
s____r o____t___g s____m is an operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.
server operating system
the n_____k a_____i_____r uses the server OS to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the
network. He/she also uses the operating
system on the network to configure the network, install software, and administer network security.
network administrator
p________s define who can access certain resources and when they can
access those resources.
permissions
u___ n____ or u___ I_ is a unique combination of characters that identifies a
specific user
user name or user ID
P_______d is a private combination of characters associated with the user
name that allows access to certain computer, mobile device, or network
resources
password
3 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
- D_____-d_____t p_____m
- P___r____y s____a__
- D____-i_______d___ O_
Device-dependent program
Proprietary software
Device-independent OS
type of operating system that one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device.
Device-dependent program
type of operating system that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model.
Proprietary software
type of operating system that run on computers provided by a variety of manufacturers
Device-independent OS
3 BASIC CATEGORIES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:
- D_____p or S___d-A____e
- S_____r
- M_____e
Desktop or Stand-Alone
Server
Mobile
d_____p o______g s_____m is also called a stand-alone operating system
[NOTES]
- A complete operating system that works on a desktop, laptops,
and some tablets.
- Sometimes called client operating systems because they also
work in conjunction with a server OS. It can operate with or without a network
- Examples: Windows 10, macOS, UNIX, Linux, and Chrome OS
desktop operating system
L___x is a popular multitasking UNIX-based OS that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, devices, and singleboard computers. It is an open source software, which means its code is provided for use, modification and
redistribution.
linux
