People Unit 4 Flashcards
A Dominican priest and theology professor at university of Paris who wrote the most important scholastic work, “Summa Theologica”
Thomas Aquinas
Led explorations down the coast of Africa to find gold, became the center of Portugal’s slave and gold trade, created the first school of navigation and geography
Prince Henry the navigator
Led first naval expedition from Europe to India
Vasco Da Gama
Claimed Brazil for Portugal
Pedro Cabral
An English sea captain and privateer who actually was the first to survive sailing around the world (1577-1580)
Francis Drake
A Dutch scholar who produced the first edition of the New Testament in Greek which corrected the errors and mistranslations in the Medieval Latin text
Erasmus
An Italian diplomat and writer who is considered the father of modern political science because of his influence book, “The Prince”
Niccoló Machiavelli
Created the gutenberg Bible in 1454, the first book printed in the west by movable type
Johann Gutenberg
Famous renaissance writer
William Shakespeare
Created some of the most famous paintings in the world, including Mona Lisa and the last supper
Leonardo da vinci
Painted frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel; sculpted David, Moses, and the pieta, and designed the dome for St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
Michelangelo
Polish monk and mathematician who was the first European to place the sun in the center of the universe (heliocentricism)
Nicholas Copernicus
German astronomer who proved the planted actually move in elliptical, not circular, orbits around the sun
Johnannes Kepler
Italian who built a telescope allowing the first good look at the planets -> discovered that planets had craters, mountains, spots, and moons
Galileo Galilei
English mathematician who formulated the law of gravity and developed modern calculus, making him the most famous and influential man of his time
Sir Isaac newton
A British theologian and Oxford professor who believed every Chriatian should have access to the Bible so wrote the first English translation-> charged with heresy, and put under house arrest
John wycliffe
A professor at and rector of the university of Prague (Czech Republic) whose preaching became the center of reform movement in Bohemia -> was excommunicated, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake
Jan hus
Young German monk, theologian, and professor who objected to the corruption and excesses of the Catholic Church, especially the sale of indulgences, wrote the 95 theses
Martin Luther
Created the Anglican Church and had 6 wives, father of queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary I
Henry VIII
First queen of England, slaughtered many Protestants
Mary I
Returned England to Anglicanism, made it a mix of Protestantism and Catholicism to bring peace
Elizabeth I
Didn’t call the parliament for 11 years, tried to arrest members of the parliament, executed in 1649
Charles I
Puritan (Protestant) general who ruled England after Charles
Expanded England’s presence overseas and imposed firm control over Ireland and Scotland
Oliver Cromwell
Reinstated the Stuart monarchy after Charles I
Charles II
Charles II brother
Refused to respect parliament’s rights
Tried to return England to Catholicism
James II
Absolute power
Built Versailles
“The state is me, myself”
Unified France under “one king, one law, one faith”
Revoked the edict of Nantes in 1685 and exiled Protestant clergy
Louis XIV
Rules the largest European empire since Charlemagne
Stopped the ottomans at the battle of Vienna
Attempted to create a unified catholic empire of Europe
Abdicated the throne in 1556 Hapsburg empire collapses
Her Charles V
