people to know Flashcards
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
(63 BC - 12 BC)
born to plebeian family - general and son-in-law of Augustus
tribune of the plebs (which granted entrance to the senate)
successful general - phillipi, actium, perisine war
appointed governor of translapine gaul
served as curule aedile
renovated the aqueducts (aqua marcia) to provide romans of all classes access to public services - first curator aquarum in rome
responsible for creation of many baths, porticoes and gardens. awarded veto power over senate and power to present laws for approval by the people (proconsular imperium)
became governor of the eastern provinces - significant army control - potential back up for augustus is settlement plans in 23 BC failed
TIBERIUS Claudius Nero
(42 BC - 37 AD)
second roman emperor, son of livia, adopted by Augustus
successful general - pannonia, dalmatia, raetia and temporarily part of germania
time as princeps marked by reluctance - poor relationship with the senate - but ended up being an effective and efficient administrator despite his paranoia of plots against him
26 AD - retired to villa in capri left power in hands of praetorian prefect sejanus - later executed for treason
accumulated much wealth in the public and imperial coffers through good management
Tiberius allowed the worship of his divine genius in only one temple - rome eastern provinces - promoted restraint in empire wide cult of augustus
CALIGULA gaius caesar augustus germanicus
(37-41AD)
son of germanicus and agrippina the elder
brother drusus was imprisoned on treason charges, ither brother nero died in exile from starvation or suicide
Caligula was the only of his family to escape treason charges - went to live with tiberius
suetonius claims he was vicious even when living with tiberius
awarded honorary quaestorship - which he held til his rise to emperor - intended as joint heir to tiberius’ estate with tiberius gemellus
assumed leadership of domus caesaris, ratified by senate, acclaimed him imperator, tiberius will naming two heirs was nullified
first emperor admired by all
doubled the left 500 sesterces to each praetorians + 75 sesterces per roman citizen
lavish games exemption from senate from sumptuary laws limiting gladiatorial events
restored right to elect praetors to comitia - incentivised aediels to spend money on games to win popularity
coinage declares he restored the rule of law - lifted backlog on court cases by adding more jurors and ending imperial confirmation of sentences
recalled those sent into exile
granted extended members of imperial household like claudius political and priestly honors
financial crisis emerged? - levied taxes on lawsuits, weddings, prostitutions - took money from wills that was left to tiberius, centurions eho aqcuired property through plunder had to give it up to the state
marcus claudius MARCELLUS
(42-23 BC)
military tribune with special aedile powers alongside tiberius in second hispania campaigns (25 BC)
24 BC - made equal in rank to ex-praetor, the right to stand for aedileship the next year, right to 10 yr consulship before legal age - awarded by senate
23 BC - augustus ill, gives signet ring to Agrippa suggesting his intent for succession - but after his recovery he grooms marcellus fro principate
nero claudius DRUSUS germanicus (drusus the elder)
(38-9 BC)
brother of tiberius, father of cluadius and germanicus
launched the first major roman campaigns across the rhine and began conquest of germania
served as consul - incredibly popular with his men, his death slowed the northern expansion and presupposed the disasterous battle of the teutoburg forest
served as acting praetor when tiberius left italy, quaestor, served as governor for augustus with praetor authority in Gaul, urban development there, established council of gaulish provinces, praetor urbanus in rome - his armies declared him imperator in cherusci conflict, made proconsul, then elected consul,
fourth and final roman to achieve spolia opima
GAIUS caesar
(20 BC - 4 AD)
Augustus’ grandson via Julia
skipped quaestorship and praetorship allowed by senate
adopted as augustus’ personal heir along with lucius - sent to provinces as consul-elects
after death of agrippa - aurei and denarii issued in 13/2 BC made clear the emperors dynatic plans for gaius and lucius
6 BC - elected consul designatus by comitia conturiata - intention to assume consulship at 20 yrs old
made pontifex, permission to attent meetings at senate
assumed toga virilis - declared princeps iuventutis by senate
concluded peace talks with Parthia with proconsular authority
LUCIUS caesar
(17 BC - 2 AD)
(see Gaius card for shared details)
adopted as augustus’ personal heir after the death of marcellus
2 BC - augustus brought lucius to the forum romanum to enroll him as a citizen, assumed toga virilis and made priceps iuventutis 3 years after gaius, same consul designatus stuff too
lucius made member of the college of augurs - given authority to concecrate buildings along with his brother
Lucius sent to complete his military training in hispania - fell ill and died on his way there
AGRIPPA POSTUMUS
12 BC - 14 AD
adopted by augustus after death of his brothers into julii caesares
born into equestrian gens vipsania
still a student, postumus participated in the lusus troiae with the rest of the equestrian youth
postumus never intended heir to the emperorship - meant to be heir to Augustus’ bloodline - thus received no special treatment upon his adoption - would inherit name, property and bloodline only
postumus characterised as bruutish, insolent and stubborn - even violent - by Dio and others - this nature made augustus abdicate and exile him in AD 6 which the senate made permenant the next year
augustus visited postumus the year he died without revealing why (tacitus says the visit was a rumour) - also rumour reported by tacitus - that he went to visit with the intention of restoring postumus as heir
was killed at the same time augustus died - was it augustus or tiberius’ orders?
