People & their Country

Question 1

Great Britain; prime minister: suspended habeas corpus: tried to reform parliament

Answer 1

William Pitt

Question 2

France; Candide; made newtons ideas popular: championed religious liberty

Answer 2

Voltaire

Question 3

Scottish philosopher; anti-miracles: example of deist

Answer 3

Hume

Question 4

English historian; rise of Christianity was a social phenomenon not divine working

Answer 4

Gibbon

Question 5

Jewish thinker; pantheist then atheist: excommunicated from Jewish Community; thorough rationalist

Answer 5

Spinoza

Question 6

; Encyclopedia

Answer 6

Diderot

Question 7

; Criminal Law

Answer 7

Beccaria

Question 8

; Wealth of Nations: Laissez-faire

Answer 8

Smith

Question 9

; Spirit of the Laws

Answer 9

Montesquieu

Question 10

; the Social Contract: general will: noble savage

Answer 10

Rousseau

Question 11

; limited science & religion by saying they cannot judge each other

Answer 11

Kant

Question 12

; Cultural relativism

Answer 12

Herder

Question 13

; A Vindication on the Rights of Women: thoughts on the Ed of Women

Answer 13

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 14

Frederick II, the Great

Answer 14

Prussia(descendant of Hohenzollerns); Enlightened absolute monarchs: encouraged Ed, religiously tolerant, accepted religious exiles (protestant &catholic)

Question 15

Joseph II

Answer 15

Austria (son of Maria Theresa); Enlightened absolute monarchs: religiously tolerant, tried to centralize Hungary and Austria government, focused on ed reforms, abolished serfdoms, reigned 10 years –> executed

Question 16

Catherine II, The great

Answer 16

Russia; Enlightened absolute monarchs: German yet ruled Russia (married Peter III then took throne) reformed law cod, patron of arts, sponsored orphanages, ruthless response to uprisings