Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cambridge igcse business studies > people in business > Flashcards

people in business Flashcards

1
Q

motivation def

A

the factors that influence the behaviour of workers towards achieving a set goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

labour productivity def

A

a measure of the efficency of the workers by calculating the output per worker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

absenteeism def

A

workers non attendance at work without good reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

labour turnover def

A

the rate at which workers leave a business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

benefits of a well motivated workforce

A 
improved productivity
more competitive
low rate of absenteeism
better quality goods and services
low rate of labour turnover
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

maslows’s hierachy: concept of human needs

A 
self actualisation
esteem needs
social needs
safety needs
physical needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

esteem needs

A

respect, recognition, status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

self actualisation needs

A

realising ones potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

social needs

A

friendship, acceptance, belonging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

safety needs

A

heath and safety, job security, free from threats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

physical needs

A

water, food, shelter, clothing and rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does maslows hierachy work

A

all humans start at the lowest level (physical) and are then motivated to try and reach the next level. once a need has been satisfied it is no longer a motivator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

limitations of maslows hierachy

A

difficult to identify whether a need has been met or not
some things like money might satisfy multiple levels
not everyone has the same needs
self actualsiation is rarely achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the theory of economic man def

A

the view that humans are only motivated by money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

piece-rate def

A

paying workers for each unit produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the taylors scientific management theory

A

to get workers to increase their efforts they had to be motivated with money.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hygiene factors def

A

factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent hob dissatisfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

motivators def (herzberg)

A

the factors that influence a person to increase their efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

give some of herzberg’s hygiene factors

A 
working condiditons
relationships
salary
supervision
company policy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

give some of herzberg’s motivators

A 
the work itself
responsibility
advancement
achievement
recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

job dissatisfaction def

A

how unhappy and discontent a person is with their job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

financial rewards def

A

cash and non cash reqards paid to workers which are often used to motivate workers to increase their efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

non-financial rewards def

A

methods used to motivate workers that do not involve giving any financial reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hourly wage rate def

A

payment to workers based on a fixed amount for each hour worked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

salary def

A

fixed annual payment to certain grades and types of staff not based on hours or output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

piece ratae def

A

payment to workers basd on number of units produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

adv of hourly wage

A

business only pays while worker is at work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

disadv of hourly awage

A

not linked to output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

adv of salary (to business)

A

workers do not get more if they do more work/longer hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

disadv of salary

A

salarynot linked to worker effort or output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

piece rate adv

A

workers only paid on output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

disadv pof piece rate

A

quality may be poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

commission def

A

payument to sales staff based on value of items they sell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

adv of comission

A

linked to value fo goods sold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

disadv of comission

A

never certian on how much they will earn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

bonus def

A

an additional reward to workers for achiveing targets set by managers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

performace related pay

A

a bonus scheme used to reward staff for performing to the required standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

adv to bonus schme

A

increase in productivity and motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

disadv to bonus scheme

A

if targets are unrealistic workers will become unmotivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

fringe benefit def

A

non-cash rewards often used to recruit or retain workers and to recognise the status of certain employees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

adv of fringe

A

help in recruitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

disadv of fringe

A

often linked to status and not performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

organisatonal structure def

A

the formal, internal framework of a business that shows how it is managed and organised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

functional department defq

A

the main activities of the business, finance, marketing, operations, human resources and research and devleopment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hierachy def

A

the number of levels in an organisational structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

chain of command def

A

the route through which authority is passed down through an organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

delegation def

A

passing authority down through the organizational hierachy to a subordinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

subordiante def

A

an employee who is below another employee in the organisatiosn hierachy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

span of control def

A

the number of subordinates reporting to each supervisor/manager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

factors ingluencing span of control

A 
difficulty of tasks
experience and skill of workers
size of business
levels of hierachy
management style
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

adv of wide span of control

A

less expensive (fewer managers)
more worker motivaion
faster communication and desicion making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

disadv of wide span of control

A

fewer managers/supervisors reduces promotion opportunites
less control
effective communication may be difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

adv of narrow span of control

A

effective communicatione easier
better control
more promotion opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

disadv of narrow span of control

A

communication and decision making slower
more expensive (more managers)
reduced worker motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

tall organisatiosn have

A

many levels of hierarchy. chain of command long. narrow span of control. slower decision making

56
Q

flat organisations have

A

few levels of hierachy. chain of command short. decision making fast. wide span of control

57
Q

delayering def

A

reducing the size of the hierachy by removing one or more levels, most often middle management

58
Q

adv of delayerign

A

reduces costs
faster communication
wider span of control. more delegation.
senior managers more in touch

59
Q

disadv of delayering

A

increased workload for mangagers who remain
redundancy payments
lack of job security
wider span of control

60
Q

centralised organisation def

A

one where all the important decision making power is held at head office, or the centre.

61
Q

decentralised organisation def

A

one where the decision making powers are passed down the organisation to lower levels

62
Q

adv of centralised

A

decision making quucker
decisions made with benefits to whole business
greater use of specalist staff improves decision making

63
Q

disadv of centralised

A

slower communication
unable to respond quickly to changes in local markets
may reduce worker motivation

64
Q

adv of decentralised

A

decisions made on local needs
used to train junior mangers
delegation increases worker motivation

65
Q

disadv of decentralied

A

decisions made not in the interest of the whole business

poor decisions if managers lack skill/experinece

66
Q

directors def

A

appointed or elected members of the board of directors of a company who have the responsibility for determining and implementing the company’s policy. some directors might also have a management role.

67
Q

annual general meeting def

A

a meeting for shareholders that limited companies must hold once every year

68
Q

chief executive officer def

A

the most senior manager responsible for the overall performance and success of a company

69
Q

manager def

A

an individual who is in charge of a certain group of tasks, or certain area or department of a business

70
Q

responsibilites of directors

A

set strategy
making sure that resources are available to achieve objectives
reviewing manager performance
protecting the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders
providing leadership to ensure success of business

71
Q

responsibilities of departmental managers

A

making sure directors decisions are carried out
delegation
taking decisions to achieve departmental targets
motivating workers
solving day to day problems

72
Q

internal recruitment def

A

filling a vacant post with someone already employed in the business

73
Q

external recruitment def

A

filling a vacant post with somebody not already employed in the business

74
Q

adv of internal recruitment

A

vacancy filled quicker and easier
applicants know how business works
the business already knows the appliants
worker motivation

75
Q

disadv of internal recruitment

A

a better candidate could have come from outside the business
conflict in the workplace
no new ideas
still be a vacancy to fll

76
Q

adv of external recruitment

A

new ideas
wider choice of applicants
avoids competition among workers

77
Q

disadv of external recuritment

A

longer to fill
more expensive
induction training

78
Q

recruitment process

A 
identification of need for job
job description
person specification
advertising
application forms and job details
receive applications
shortlist
interviews
right candidate
79
Q

job description def

A

list of key points baout the job, job title, key duties, responsibility and accountability

80
Q

who does the recruitment process

A

Human resources

81
Q

person specification def

A

a list of the qualifications, skills, experience, and personal qualities looked for in a successful applicant

82
Q

where could you advertise the job

A 
national newspapers
specialist magazines
websites
government-run job centers
specialist recruitment agencies
83
Q

what does a CV contain

A 
name
address
contact details
skills and experiences
hobbies and intersts
contact details of references
84
Q

shortlist def

A

a list of candidates who are chosen from all of the applicants to be interviewed for the job

85
Q

benefits of part time worker

A

women who want to return to work with flexible hours can
keep experineced staff
greater flexibility
allows for changes in demand
might be more productive this way
two part time vs one full time
dont take time off for medical/dental appointments

86
Q

limitations of aprt time workers

A

increase in induction and training costs
communication problems
quality of service offered may not be as good

87
Q

improtance of trainign

A 
increase productvity
increase in quality of decisions
develop worker's ability and motivation
easier to recruit new workers and retain them
improve cutomer service
health and safety reduces accidents
improve competitivenss
88
Q

induction trainign de

A

a training programme to helo new recruits become familiar with workplace, people they work with and procedures to follow

89
Q

on the job training def

A

training at place of work. watching or following a more experinced worker

90
Q

what does induction trainign do

A

introduces new worker to colleague, organisation structure, health and safety, role and responsibilities, facilities available.

91
Q

adv of on the job

A

quite cheap
workers learn the way the busienss wants it done
producing output whilst trainign

92
Q

disadv of on the job

A

might pick up bad habits
might not learn the most up to date methods
slows down production
increase in waste whilst learning

93
Q

communication media def

A

the methods used to communicate a message

94
Q

feedback def

A

the receiver’s response to a message

95
Q

waht is internal communication

A

where emplpyees communicate with eachother

96
Q

what is external commmunication

A

where people inside the business communicate with perople outside the busienss

97
Q

when is communication effective

A

if the message is sent with correct communication media
the message is sent and received by the right people
the receiver understands the message
the reciever provides feedback to confirm they got and understand the message

98
Q

effective communicaton def

A

information passed between two or more people or groups with feedback to confirm that the message has been recieved and understood

99
Q

two way communication def

A

the reciever is allowed to respond to the message and the sender listens to the rsponse

100
Q

benefits of effective communication

A

reducing risk of mistakes
enabling faster decision making
enabling quicker responses to market change
improving coordination between departments
improving morale and motivation of the workforce
improving customer relationshipps

101
Q

what is oral communication

A

e.g. meetings and phone calls.

102
Q

what is written communication

A

e.g. letter, memorandum (only internal), agenda, minutes of meeting, job descriptiosns. purchase order
invoice
company magazine

103
Q

what is electronic communication

A

e.g. email fax and texts

104
Q

adv of oral communication

A

personal contact
immediate feedback
language can be altered to the needs of receiver

105
Q

disadv of oral communication

A

no permanent record
reiver might not listen
noise could block effective communication

106
Q

adv of written communicaton

A

provides permanent record
can be used by receiver moe than once
can be sent to many recievers
message cannot be changed

107
Q

disadv of written communication

A

no personal contact
feedback is slower
might not be understood
time consuming

108
Q

adv of electronic communication

A

quick
some are permanent records
can be sent to many at the same time
can be used to make a more interesting message

109
Q

disadv of electronic communication

A

not everyone has equipment needed
equipment and software can be expensive
no personal contact
risk of loss of confidentiality

110
Q

adv of visual

A

simplify more complex data
creates interest and grabs attention
easy to remember

111
Q

disadv of visual

A

some detail might be lost

different receivers might interpret the message differently

112
Q

how do you choose the right method of communication

A 
urgency
length and complexity
how many people need to receive it
how far away the receiver is
how important it is for all receivers to get the same message
cost
importance of a record]
if it requires discussion
confidentiality
113
Q

profit sharing def

A

an additional payment to workers based on the profits of the business

114
Q

job roation def

A

increasing variety in the workplace by allowing workers to switch from one task to another

115
Q

job enlargement def

A

increasing or widening tasks to increase variety for workers

116
Q

job enrichment def

A

organising work so that workers are encouraged to use their full abilities

117
Q

job satsifaction def

A

how happy and content a person is with their job.

118
Q

quality circles def

A

groups of workers who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems

119
Q

team-working def

A

organising production so that groups of workers complete the whole unit of work

120
Q

delegation def

A

passing responsibility to perform tasks to workers lower down in the organisation

121
Q

supervisor def

A

an individual who checks and controls the work of subordinates

122
Q

functions of management

A 
planning
organising
commanding
coordinating
controlling
123
Q

autocratic leadership def

A

where the leader makes all the decisions

124
Q

democratic eladership def

A

a leadership style where workers take part in decision making

125
Q

laissez-faire leadership

A

a leadership style where most of the decisions are left to the workers

126
Q

how do you choose a leadership style

A

skills of workforce
time available for decision
manager’s personality
task to be completed

127
Q

trade union def

A

an organization of workers aimed at improving pay and working conditions and providing other services, such as legal advice for members

128
Q

what do trade unions do

A

negotiate with employers
resolving conflict
providing legal support and advice
providing services for members like pension and insurance schemes

129
Q

off the job training def

A

training that takes place away from the workplace, like a college, university or specalist training provider’s premises.

130
Q

reseignation def

A

termination of employment by workers, perhaps because they have found a job with a different employer.

131
Q

retirement def

A

termination of employment due to the worker reaching an age beyond they do not need to work.

132
Q

redundancy def

A

terminaton of emplpyment by the employer because the job is no longer needed.

133
Q

dismissal def

A

termination by the employer because the worker has broken company rules or is not performing work to the required standard.

134
Q

legal controls over employment issues

A 
contracts of employment
unfair dismissal
discrimination
health and safety
minimum wage
135
Q

what does the contract of employment contain

A 
name of employer and employee
data of commencement of employment
amount employee will be paid
number of hours employee will work
job and main responsiblities of employee
number of days the employee will recieve
period of the time the worker has to give the employer if they wish to leave their employment
grieveance and displinary procedures
136
Q

main communication barriers

A

problems with the channel of communication
problems between senders and receivers
problems with physical environment

137
Q

problems caused by ineffective communication

A 
wrong type of worker recruited
tasks not completed
tasks done incorrectly
business reputation damaged
worker's morale and motivation fails
risk of accidents in the workplace
poor sales

cambridge igcse business studies (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions