People in business Flashcards
Give 3 examples of financial motivator to employees
commission
Bonus
profit share
What is Taylor’s theory of motivation?
Workers are motivated mainly by pay
breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones, standardising work processes and providing workers with clear instructions and training to achieve maximum efficiency (scientific management)
pay is linked directly to output and productivity- eg is piece rate pay
workers trained to perform only one task- they perfect it reducing mistakes
What is Maslow’s theory of motivation?
Hierarchy of needs
What is the hierarchy of needs?
1: Physiological
#2: Safety
#3: Love and Belonging
#4: Esteem
#5: Self-Actualization
In hierarchy of needs, is the top one most important or bottom one?
Bottom- think “base” requirement, or the “foundation” needs.
What is Herzberg’s theory of motivation?
Two-factor, AKA motivation-hygiene factors.
What does Herzberg’s hygiene factor theory state?
Basic animal needs:
status
Job security and security in work place
relationship with superiors and colleagues
salary
What does Herzberg’s motivating factor theory state?
Needs that allow the human being to grow psychologically:
achievement
recognition
personal growth/development
promotion
work itself
What is the definition of fringe benefits?
Fringe benefits are financial rewards given to employees as a way to motivate them.
Give examples of Fringe benefits
Company car
free healthcare
free accommodation and vacations
What are the benefits of good communication within a business?
Mitigated conflict
Increased employee engagement
Improved productivity
Improved client relations
Healthy workplace culture
less confusion on task so less mistake
What can bad communication within a business lead to?
Low morale
confusion
Demoralized employees
employee retention problems
What is internal communication?
Exchanging information and messages within a business.
What is external communication?
exchanging information between a company and external entities such as customers, suppliers, investors, media, and the general public.
What is horizontal communication?
refers to communication between colleagues on an equal hierarchical level.
What is vertical communication?
communication that travels up and down the hierarchy - for example, between top management and the work floor and vice versa
What are the three main methods of communication?
Verbal communication through listening
Non-verbal communication through observation
Written communication through reading
What are pros of verbal communication?
Information is transferred quickly leading to higher efficiency
Immediate feedback results in two-way communication
The message is enforced by seeing the speaker, for example body language could make the message easily understood
What are cons of verbal communication?
It may be difficult to assess if the message had been fully understood by everyone, for example in a large meeting
Verbal communication is inappropriate for storing accurate and permanent information for some messages
What are pros of written communication?
There is hard evidence of the message which can be referred to and help solve disputes in the future over the content of the message
It is needed when detailed information is transferred from the sender to the receiver
The written message can be copied and sent to many people
What are cons of written communication?
Direct feedback is not always possible, unless electronic communication is used
The language used might be difficult to understand or the message may be too long causing disinterest
There is no opportunity for body language to be used to enforce the message
What are pros of Non-verbal communication?
Presenting information in an appealing and attractive way encourages people to look at it
They can be used to make a written message clearer by adding a picture or a chart to illustrate the point being made
What are cons of Non-verbal communication?
Feedback is limited with this method so written or verbal feedback would also be required to check understanding of the message
Complex charts and graphs might be difficult for some people to understand
What are some examples of Non-verbal communication?
Presentations
Maps
Diagrams
Notice boards
What are examples of verbal communication?
Meetings
Interviews
What are examples of written communication?
Brochures
Letters
Emails
What are some examples of IT to improve communication?
Video conferencing
Email
Instant messaging
Chat applications
What are pros of Video conferencing?
Video calls allow people in different locations to connect
Reduction in travel costs as fewer employees may need to travel to various locations for meetings
Meetings can be set up relatively quickly
What are cons of Video conferencing?
Unreliable internet connections or audio/video problems can hinder effective communication
Calls between different time zones can be difficult to organise for international firms
The equipment can be expensive
What are pros of email?
The message can be printed if a hard copy is needed
Written messages can be sent instantly to others, and files can be shared as attachments
Cheap and easy method of communication
What are cons of email?
The receiver needs an internet connection to receive the message itself
Spam mail is a big problem for businesses, meaning messages may be blocked or filtered, preventing the receiver from reading it
Email attachments can contain viruses, which can be costly to the business
What are pros of Instant messaging/chat applications?
Instant messaging (WhatsApp, Slack) enables fast and real-time communication, making it ideal for brief exchanges or urgent matters
What are cons of Instant messaging/chat applications?
Text-based communication lacks non-verbal cues, increasing the chances of misunderstandings or miscommunication
Reading body language is not possible
What are non-financial method of motivation?
ob enlargement, job rotation, job enrichment
What does job enrichment mean?
Involves looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility
What does job rotation mean?
Involves workers swapping round and doing each specific task for only a limited time and then changing round again
What does autonomy mean? (motivation wise)
the sense of control and freedom in one’s work
what does job descirption mean?
includes an overview, role summary, catalog of responsibilities, and the qualifications and experience required for a particular role
what does job enlargement mean?
Extra tasks of a similar level of work are added to a worker’s job description
what is a person specification?
A person specification is a document that outlines the essential and desirable qualities, skills, experience, and qualifications for a potential employee issued by the business
what are fringe benefits?
financial motivation, advantages and rewards given to employees like company car and health insurance
Redundancy meaning?
When an employee is no longer needed and so loses their job- not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory
Trade Union meaning?
Group of workers who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected
kaizen meaning?
A process of continuous improvement through the elimination of waste
what are two cons of taylors scientific managemnt?
Overemphasis on efficiency reduces worker satisfaction and creativity
Workers may disengage from work if they work in a machine-like system
Potential for exploitation of workers, e.g. many ‘sweat shop’ labourers get paid using this method
what are two pros of taylor’s scientific management theory
Increased efficiency lowers costs
Standard procedures that everyone follows reduce inconsistencies
Two pros of having a wide span of control
two cons of having a wide span of control
two pros of having a short span of control
two cons of having a short span of contol
two pros of having a hierarchal structure
two pros of having hierarchal structure and one con (long chain of command)
Provides a clear structure of authority and defined roles and responsibilities
Promotes specialisation and expertise within each department or function
Decision-making can be slow as information must pass through multiple layers of management
two pros of having a flat business structure (short chain of command)
two cons of having a flat business structure (short chain of command)
