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People in business Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Why do people work?

A

Money
Security
Affiliation (Social needs)
Self-importance (esteem)
Job Satisfaction

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2
Q

What is motivation?

A

the feeling that makes employees want to work hard and effectively in a business

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3
Q

What are the benefits of a well-motivated workforce

A

Well-motivated workers high productivity increased output higher profits

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4
Q

What is Taylor’s motivational theory?

A

Taylor’s idea was that if the workers produced more, they would receive a bonus
But the problem with this approach is that Taylor believed everyone is ONLY motivated by money, which doesn’t, always stand true

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5
Q

What is Maslow’s theory?

A

Also known as “Hierarchy of Needs” – a pyramid showing the different types of needs and how some are more important than others

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6
Q

What is Hezbergs theory?

A

Also known as “the 2-factor theory”
Humans have two sets of needs:
Basic animal needs (called ‘Hygiene’)
To be able to grow physiologically (called
‘Motivator’ needs)

The presence of hygiene factors doesn’t motivate employees, but their absence demotivates them.

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7
Q

What are 3 factors that motivate employees?

A

Financial rewards
Non - financial rewards
Job satisfaction

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8
Q

What are financial motivators

A

Wages
Time Rate
Piece Rate
Salaries
Commission
Bonus
Share ownership

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9
Q

What are non financial motivators

A

Fringe benefits
Job Satisfaction
Job Rotation
Job Enlargement
Job Enrichment

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10
Q

What is organisational structure?

A

The levels of management and division of responsibilities within a company

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11
Q

What do organisational charts show?

A

a clear structure of the business and make it easy to see which part of the company does what

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12
Q

Features of an organisational chart

A

It is a hierarchy
Organised into departments
Shows the chain of command and span of control

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13
Q

Benefits of an organisational chart

A

The chart shows how everybody is linked in the organization
Gives a sense of belonging
Employees know their position
It shows how departments are linked
All employees are aware from which communication channel will they receive messages

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14
Q

What is the chain of command?

A

The structure in an organization which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management levels to lower levels of management

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15
Q

What is the span of control?

A

The no. of employees working directly under a manager

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16
Q

What are the two types of organizational structures

A

You can have a ‘tall’ structure, with a long chain of command

You can have a ‘wide’ structure, with a short chain of command

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17
Q

What are the advantages to have a short (and wide) structure

A

Communication is faster and more accurate
Top managers are more in touch with subordinates because there are less levels
Wider span of control means employees feel trusted and take more decisions by themselves
Higher job satisfaction

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18
Q

What are the disadvantages to have a short (and wide) structure

A

Difficult to control
Inefficient supervisors
Communication problems
Difficult to motivate workers
Sometimes there may be a conflict between
departments

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19
Q

What are the functions of managers?

A

Planning
Organising
Co-ordinating
Commanding
Controlling

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20
Q

Without clear and effective management, what will a business lack

A

A sense of control and direction
Control of employees
Organization of resources
Coordination between departments

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21
Q

What does delegation involve?

A

Giving a subordinate the authority to
perform particular task.
However, if the employee does a bad job, the manager must accept the responsibility for it.

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22
Q

Why is delegation important?

A

Managers cannot do every job by themselves
Managers can then measure the success of the employees
Work becomes more interesting for subordinate, increases their motivation
Makes employees feel trusted and important
Gives workers greater career opportunities and chances of promotion

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23
Q

Why do some managers not delegate?

A

They might be afraid the subordinates will fail and manager wants to control everything
Manager might also feel threatened that subordinate will do a better job than them

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24
Q

What are the 3 leadership styles?

A

Autocratic Leader
Democratic Leader
Laissez-Faire Leader

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25
What is an autocratic leader?
Where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and expects to have their orders followed with no questions asked
26
What is a democratic leader?
Where the manager allows the subordinates to be involved in the decision-making process
27
What is a Laissez-Faire Leader?
Where the manager makes broad/general objectives for the employees and leaves them to make their own decisions.
28
What is a trade union?
A group of workers that join together to protect their interests
29
What are benefits of a trade union
Improved conditions of employment Improved work environment Advice/support if member thinks they have been unfairly fired, mistreated, etc
30
What are disadvantages of trade unions?
Costs money May required to take industrial action
31
What is recruitment?
The process from identifying that a business needs to employ someone, to the point where applications have arrived at the business
32
What is the recruitment process?
A job analysis is done to identify the tasks and responsibilities to be carried out by the new employee Once the details of the job are gathered, a job description will be made, outlining these duties. From the job description, a job specification is created, which outlines the requirements, qualifications and expertise for the job Then the job is advertised
33
Internal advertisment
When the vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business It is cheaper, motivates other employees, potential of the employee is already known. The employee is aware of the working conditions and other workers, lesser time taken for induction training But no new ideas come into the business and there may be jealousy and rivalry amongst employees
34
External advertisment
When the vacancy is filled by someone who isn’t an existing employee and will be new to the business New ideas come into the business. There’s wider choice of workers It is expensive and time-taking and may demotivate existing employees
35
What are the type of workers?
Part - time workers (>35 hours / week) Full - time workers (<35 hours / week)
36
Advantages of part-time workers
Work hours are flexible. Business can extend the opening/closing hours Employees can just work at busy times Cheaper for the employer than employing a full time worker May agree for a low salary as good work-life balance
37
Disadvantages of part-time workers
Employees are less likely to be trained because they might see it as temporary and don’t want a promotion Takes longer to recruit many part-time workers than a couple full-time workers Communication problems may arise Might be less committed to the company
38
Advantages of full-time workers
Higher training and chances of promotion Lesser time taken in recruitment Highly committed to the business Lesser communication problems
39
Disadvantages of full-time workers
No flexible working hours Expensive May demand higher pay as poor work-life balance
40
When is training needed
New technology is employed Less supervision is required Need to increase efficiency Need to increase chances of internal promotion New skills needed Need to lower accidents
41
What are the 3 types of training?
Induction Training On-the-job Training Off-the-job training
42
What is induction training?
Where the employee is given an introduction on the company’s procedures and customs, and is introduced to their co-workers
43
Advantages of induction training
Employees settle into their job quickly Workers make fewer mistakes May be a legal requirement
44
Disadvantages of induction training
Time consuming Worker is being paid while not doing work Delays the start of work for the employee
45
What is On-the-job Training
Where the employee does the job while being supervised by a more experienced worker, giving tips, suggestions and help
46
Advantages of on-the-job training
Employee does not need to be sent away So cheaper than off-the-job training There is still production from worker while training
47
Disadvantages of on-the-job training
Trainer won’t be as productive because they are teaching employee Trainer might have bad habits and pass on to employee Not recognized training qualifications outside the business
48
What is off-the-job training?
Where the employee is trained away from the workplace, normally by specialized trainers.
49
Advantages of off-the-job training
Lots of skills are taught Trainings are sometimes off work hours, worker will still work Employees become versatile
50
Disadvantages of off-the-job training
Expensive to send employees off to expert trainings Workers are being paid but not doing any work Professional training gives employees additional qualifications
51
Why would a company need to reduce the size of their workforce?
Automation (robots replacing human jobs) Less demand for products or services Business might have relocated abroad Business being taken over/merged and now there are too many workers doing same job
52
What is dismissal?
When the worker is told to leave the job due to poor work or poor behavior It is more commonly known as being ‘fired
53
What is redundancy?
When a business no longer needs an employee. Even though the employee did nothing wrong. Usually happens during period of falling sales or due to an economic recession
54
Employees of a business have legal right that must be protected, which includes:
Unfair discrimination at work/when applying Health and safety Unfair dismissal Wage protection
55
What is internal communication?
communication between employees of the same business
56
What is external communication?
communication between the business and other businesses and individuals
57
Effective communication involves?
The transmitter/sender sending a message to pass on information A medium of communication – the method for sending message (i.e. e-mail, phone, etc) The message being sent to the receiver The receiver confirming that the message has been received and responds to it (feedback)
58
What are the two types of communication
One-way communication – where the receiver cannot reply to the message (i.e. posters) Two-way communication – where the receiver can respond to the message, could be just confirmation that message was received (e-mail)
59
What are the methods of communication?
Verbal methods Written methods Visual methods
60
Advantages of verbal methods
Information given out quickly & Efficient way to communicate with many people Opportunity for immediate feedback Message is reinforced by the speaker’s body language
61
Disadvantages of verbal methods
If talking to many people, it’s hard to tell whether everyone got the message Not good for accurate messages and if a permanent record of the message is needed
62
Advantages of written methods
Message can be referred to in the future “hard evidence” Easy to explain complicated messages Can be copied and re-sent to many people
63
Disadvantages of written methods
Might lead to too many emails and ‘information overload’ Two-way communication is difficult Hard to check if message has been received
64
Advantages of visual methods
Information presented in more appealing way, people will be more interested to look at it Can be used to make written messages clearer, to illustrate the point
65
Disadvantages of visual methods
No feedback and needs other methods of communication to go with it Graphs and charts may be difficult for people to understand, message may be misunderstood
66
Define communication barriers
Things that prevent efficient communication
67
What are communication barriers
Problems with the sender Problems with the medium Problems with the receiver

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