People and Times

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

(1400-1600) – complex, polyphonic music based on the church modes (the
predecessor of the major/minor tonal system); sacred vocal music predominates in the period;
principle designs are the Mass and motet.
Leading Composers:

Josquin des Prez (c. 1440-1521)

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525-1594)

Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1555-1612)

Question 2

Baroque

Answer 2

(1600-1750) – complex, often polyphonic music; development of the modern
major/minor tonal system; instrumental music becomes equal in importance to vocal music;
principle designs include the early concerto and sonata, suite, opera, oratorio, and cantata, in
addition to Masses and motets.
Leading Composers:
Antonio Vivaldi (1685-1759)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
George Frideric Handel (1678-1750

Question 3

Classical

Answer 3

(1750-1825) – clear grouping of phrases and themes; usually homophonic textures
consisting of melodies with accompaniment; clear formal designs; development of the
concerto, symphony, and sonata; opera remains important.
Leading Composers:

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Question 4

Romantic

Answer 4

(1825-1900) – emphasis on beautiful melody; expanded range of harmonies; form
subordinated to dramatic expression.
Leading Composers:
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)

Question 5

Modern or Twentieth Century –

Answer 5

frequent rhythmic complexity, dissonant harmonies,
rejection of traditional tonality, development of new timbres and playing techniques.
Leading Composers:

Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
Béla Bartók (1881-1945)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)