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geogrpahy three > people and the biosphere > Flashcards

people and the biosphere Flashcards

1
Q

what is an ecosystem and give an example

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment - garden pond

  • relationship between living organisms and there non living environment
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2
Q

what is a biome

A

a large scale ecosystem covering a part of the plants surface with its own distinctive characteristics

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3
Q

what are some examples of biomes

A

deserts, rainforests, tundra, tiger, savannah, temperate, boreal forests, coral reef

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4
Q

what does biotic and abiotic mean

A

biotic - living things
abiotic - non living things

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5
Q

what four parts is the planet split up into and define them

A

biosphere - living part of planet (humans)
hydrosphere - water part of planet
atmosphere - gas part of planet
lithosphere - land part of planet

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6
Q

describe the distribution of a biome

A

located in the tropic of cancer and Capricorn
near the equator
south America and south east Asia
costal areas
the amazon rainforest

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7
Q

what is precipitation

A

the way water falls to the ground such as rain hail sleet and snow

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8
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome tropical rainforest

A

climate - concentrated heat from the sun makes low pressure, heavy rainfall, high temperatures all year, near equator ITCZ
vegetation - dense forest, many layers, plants compete for light

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9
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome tropical grassland

A

climate - hot all year round, heavy rainfall, always have a dry season
vegetation - tall grass, some drought adapted shrubs, trees

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10
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome tundra

A

climate - temperatures below 0 most of the year and around 10 degrees in summer, low precipitation, short daylight hours
vegetation - very few plants, most stunted growth and are rare

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11
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome desert

A

climate - very hot all year, cool nights, very low rainfall
vegetation - plants are scarce and have water storing features, spines instead of leaves, extensive roots

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12
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome temperate grassland

A

climate - hot in summer, very cold in winter, 500-900mm of rain
vegetation - short grasses with very few trees and bushes

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13
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome boreal forest

A

climate - mild summer, very cold winter, low precipitation
vegetation - coniferous trees - pine

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14
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome temperate forest

A

climate - warm summer, cool winters, precipitation all year round
vegetation - deciduous trees - oak

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15
Q

what are the two factor categories that explain how atmospheric circulation causes the distribution of biome

A

global and local factors

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16
Q

what are the global factors that effect the distribution of biomes and what they determine

A
  • distance from the equator which determines the temp of a place
  • the type of air pressure which determines the weather
  • sunlight determines the length of days which determines the growth of plants
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17
Q

what are the local factors that effect the distribution of biomes

A

altitude - effect the temperature, colder weather at higher temperatures plants cant grow
rocks - determine the growth of vegetation and if water can pass through or not
soil - certain clay leads to certain areas not being able to grow plants

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18
Q

what does fauna and flora mean

A

fauna is animals
flora is plants

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19
Q

what does equilibrium mean

A

being in balance

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20
Q

what is a producer and what is a consumer

A
  • the plants that create their own energy
  • get their energy from eating other living organisms
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21
Q

what are food chains and webs

A
  • a basic line that shows what eats what in an ecosystem using arrows to show the energy transfer
  • a network of food chains
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22
Q

define leeches

A

washing away of nutrience

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23
Q

what is biomass

A

the weight of all living things in an ecosystem

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24
Q

give some examples of abiotic and biotic matter in a garden pond

A

abiotic - rocks, water, soil, sand, sunlight
biotic - fish, algae, frogs, bacteria, pondweed

25
what are the three steps to the nutrience cycle
litter, biomass, soil
26
draw out a simple nutrience cycle with only arrows and stores
litter - input, output, transfer from biomass and transfer to soil soil - input, output, transfer from litter, transfer to biomass biomass - transfer from soil and transfer to litter
27
what do the arrows and circles show on a nutrience cycle
arrows show energy transfer circles show the stores of nutrience
28
what are more ways in which abiotic and biotic components interact
- photosynthesis and respiration - biological weathering - hydrological cycle regulation
29
how is photosynthesis and respiration a way in which biotic and abiotic factors interact
trees produce oxygen for biotic, soil provides nutrience, biotic absorb co2, biotic rely on soil to grow
30
how is biological weathering a way in which biotic and abiotic factors interact
seeds getting into rock and growing so it splits, trees rely on rock for structure and nutrience from rock, abiotic rely on tree for shelter and erosion
31
how is hydrological cycle regulation a way in which biotic and abiotic factors interact
trees get nutrience from water, the water needs to go through permeable rocks to reach sea, trees stop areas being flooded
32
what do indigenous people have in common
provide themselves with their own goods using their biome and environment around them. they live within their biome in nature and not within the city. their clothing is made from their biome
33
define what a good is and how does this link to the topic
the products obtained from biomes such as natural recourses, food, fresh water, raw materials, medicine - provide a life support system
34
give four examples of how the biosphere is a life support system
- provision of goods - products obtained from biome - regulating services - keeping planet healthy - supporting services - keeping ecosystem healthy - cultural services - benefit people
35
what four recourses does the biosphere provide for people - give examples
food - berries, bananas, nuts, cocoa fuels - wood, water, gas building materials - vines, chalk, brick, slate medicine - poppies (painkiller), periwinkle, aloe vera
36
what is bio fuel
made from plant oils and waste materials and can be used to generate electricity
37
what is humus
organic material in soil made from decaying plants and animals
38
what is interception
the process where vegetation catches rainfall on its leaves and branchesw
39
what is absorption
the process of taking something in such as moisture by roots
40
what are the three main reasons why resource consumption is increasing
1. rising global population - more people = more goods need 2. rising affluence - more products bought 3. increasing urbanisation - using of resources in the urban area
41
what is over exploitation
to use natural resources excessively causing a reduction
42
what is consumerism
an economy or society based on people consuming a large amount of goods or services
43
what countries are included in the BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China
44
What countries are included in the MINT
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Türkiye
45
list four ways in which resources are being exploited and explain what this has lead to
1. demand for beef and soya for cattle ranching - deforestation 2. demand for palm oil -deforestation 3. large water management schemes - flooding and water being contaminated 4. open cast mining - huge parts of boral forest being destroyed
46
who are the two theorists that created theories about population and resources
Thomas Malthus and Esther Boserup
47
draw a graph representing Thomas Malthus's theory
crisis point global population rising food production running out
48
what did Malthus believe a crisis point lead to
- war - disease - famine - crime
49
give a brief explanation of Malthus's theory
population is growing quicker than the rate of food production and therefore we over ride food, this leads to a crisis point and as a result population decreases. we then have enough recourses allowing the population to increase again - the process is continuous
50
what are some positives and negatives of Malthus's theory
positives - accurate as there have been crisis points in the past negative - doesn't believe humans have the ability to adapt - outdated as we have now developed ways in which to produce resources faster than before
51
draw a graph representing Esther Boserup' theory
global population forever increasing food supply reach close to crisis point yet never reach it
52
give a brief explanation of Esther Boserups' theory
believe that we will never actually reach crisis point as in the past we have invented new technology such as combine harvesters and tractors
53
what are some positives and negatives for Esther's theory
positives - it is an optimistic view of the future and what humans can achieve negatives - not applicable to those places which are less developed - it copies the trends of history and isn't a prediction of trends in the future
54
What does Esther believe
necessity is the mother of invention
55
what is the green revolution
a time in history where we woked to get rid of famine in many nations and massively increase food production, by effectively ending subsistence agriculture and replacing it with commercial agriculture.
56
what is substinence agriculture
growing enough just to feed your family
57
what are the positives of the green revolution
- lead to more genetically modified plants to add additional health benefits - create plants resistant to diseases so less plants go to waste - lead to improved agricultural techniques and technology
58
what are the negatives of the green revolution
- chemicals in plants may have an effect on people - less jobs as machines are taking work from people - water can be scarce in areas as some techniques require a lot of water

geogrpahy three (3 decks)

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