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geogrpahy three > people and the biosphere > Flashcards

people and the biosphere Flashcards

1
Q

what is an ecosystem and give an example

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment - garden pond

  • relationship between living organisms and there non living environment
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2
Q

what is a biome

A

a large scale ecosystem covering a part of the plants surface with its own distinctive characteristics

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3
Q

what are some examples of biomes

A

deserts, rainforests, tundra, tiger, savannah, temperate, boreal forests, coral reef

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4
Q

what does biotic and abiotic mean

A

biotic - living things
abiotic - non living things

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5
Q

what four parts is the planet split up into and define them

A

biosphere - living part of planet (humans)
hydrosphere - water part of planet
atmosphere - gas part of planet
lithosphere - land part of planet

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6
Q

describe the distribution of a biome

A

located in the tropic of cancer and Capricorn
near the equator
south America and south east Asia
costal areas
the amazon rainforest

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7
Q

what is precipitation

A

the way water falls to the ground such as rain hail sleet and snow

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8
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome tropical rainforest

A

climate - concentrated heat from the sun makes low pressure, heavy rainfall, high temperatures all year, near equator ITCZ
vegetation - dense forest, many layers, plants compete for light

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9
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome tropical grassland

A

climate - hot all year round, heavy rainfall, always have a dry season
vegetation - tall grass, some drought adapted shrubs, trees

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10
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome tundra

A

climate - temperatures below 0 most of the year and around 10 degrees in summer, low precipitation, short daylight hours
vegetation - very few plants, most stunted growth and are rare

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11
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome desert

A

climate - very hot all year, cool nights, very low rainfall
vegetation - plants are scarce and have water storing features, spines instead of leaves, extensive roots

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12
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome temperate grassland

A

climate - hot in summer, very cold in winter, 500-900mm of rain
vegetation - short grasses with very few trees and bushes

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13
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome boreal forest

A

climate - mild summer, very cold winter, low precipitation
vegetation - coniferous trees - pine

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14
Q

what are the climate and vegetation characteristics of the biome temperate forest

A

climate - warm summer, cool winters, precipitation all year round
vegetation - deciduous trees - oak

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15
Q

what are the two factor categories that explain how atmospheric circulation causes the distribution of biome

A

global and local factors

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16
Q

what are the global factors that effect the distribution of biomes and what they determine

A
  • distance from the equator which determines the temp of a place
  • the type of air pressure which determines the weather
  • sunlight determines the length of days which determines the growth of plants
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17
Q

what are the local factors that effect the distribution of biomes

A

altitude - effect the temperature, colder weather at higher temperatures plants cant grow
rocks - determine the growth of vegetation and if water can pass through or not
soil - certain clay leads to certain areas not being able to grow plants

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18
Q

what does fauna and flora mean

A

fauna is animals
flora is plants

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19
Q

what does equilibrium mean

A

being in balance

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20
Q

what is a producer and what is a consumer

A
  • the plants that create their own energy
  • get their energy from eating other living organisms
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21
Q

what are food chains and webs

A
  • a basic line that shows what eats what in an ecosystem using arrows to show the energy transfer
  • a network of food chains
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22
Q

define leeches

A

washing away of nutrience

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23
Q

what is biomass

A

the weight of all living things in an ecosystem

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24
Q

give some examples of abiotic and biotic matter in a garden pond

A

abiotic - rocks, water, soil, sand, sunlight
biotic - fish, algae, frogs, bacteria, pondweed

25
Q

what are the three steps to the nutrience cycle

A

litter, biomass, soil

26
Q

draw out a simple nutrience cycle with only arrows and stores

A

litter - input, output, transfer from biomass and transfer to soil
soil - input, output, transfer from litter, transfer to biomass
biomass - transfer from soil and transfer to litter

27
Q

what do the arrows and circles show on a nutrience cycle

A

arrows show energy transfer
circles show the stores of nutrience

28
Q

what are more ways in which abiotic and biotic components interact

A
  • photosynthesis and respiration
  • biological weathering
  • hydrological cycle regulation
29
Q

how is photosynthesis and respiration a way in which biotic and abiotic factors interact

A

trees produce oxygen for biotic, soil provides nutrience, biotic absorb co2, biotic rely on soil to grow

30
Q

how is biological weathering a way in which biotic and abiotic factors interact

A

seeds getting into rock and growing so it splits, trees rely on rock for structure and nutrience from rock, abiotic rely on tree for shelter and erosion

31
Q

how is hydrological cycle regulation a way in which biotic and abiotic factors interact

A

trees get nutrience from water, the water needs to go through permeable rocks to reach sea, trees stop areas being flooded

32
Q

what do indigenous people have in common

A

provide themselves with their own goods using their biome and environment around them. they live within their biome in nature and not within the city. their clothing is made from their biome

33
Q

define what a good is and how does this link to the topic

A

the products obtained from biomes such as natural recourses, food, fresh water, raw materials, medicine - provide a life support system

34
Q

give four examples of how the biosphere is a life support system

A
  • provision of goods - products obtained from biome
  • regulating services - keeping planet healthy
  • supporting services - keeping ecosystem healthy
  • cultural services - benefit people
35
Q

what four recourses does the biosphere provide for people - give examples

A

food - berries, bananas, nuts, cocoa
fuels - wood, water, gas
building materials - vines, chalk, brick, slate
medicine - poppies (painkiller), periwinkle, aloe vera

36
Q

what is bio fuel

A

made from plant oils and waste materials and can be used to generate electricity

37
Q

what is humus

A

organic material in soil made from decaying plants and animals

38
Q

what is interception

A

the process where vegetation catches rainfall on its leaves and branchesw

39
Q

what is absorption

A

the process of taking something in such as moisture by roots

40
Q

what are the three main reasons why resource consumption is increasing

A
  1. rising global population - more people = more goods need
  2. rising affluence - more products bought
  3. increasing urbanisation - using of resources in the urban area
41
Q

what is over exploitation

A

to use natural resources excessively causing a reduction

42
Q

what is consumerism

A

an economy or society based on people consuming a large amount of goods or services

43
Q

what countries are included in the BRICS

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China

44
Q

What countries are included in the MINT

A

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Türkiye

45
Q

list four ways in which resources are being exploited and explain what this has lead to

A
  1. demand for beef and soya for cattle ranching - deforestation
  2. demand for palm oil -deforestation
  3. large water management schemes - flooding and water being contaminated
  4. open cast mining - huge parts of boral forest being destroyed
46
Q

who are the two theorists that created theories about population and resources

A

Thomas Malthus and Esther Boserup

47
Q

draw a graph representing Thomas Malthus’s theory

A

crisis point
global population rising
food production running out

48
Q

what did Malthus believe a crisis point lead to

A
  • war
  • disease
  • famine
  • crime
49
Q

give a brief explanation of Malthus’s theory

A

population is growing quicker than the rate of food production and therefore we over ride food, this leads to a crisis point and as a result population decreases. we then have enough recourses allowing the population to increase again - the process is continuous

50
Q

what are some positives and negatives of Malthus’s theory

A

positives - accurate as there have been crisis points in the past

negative - doesn’t believe humans have the ability to adapt
- outdated as we have now developed ways in which to produce resources faster than before

51
Q

draw a graph representing Esther Boserup’ theory

A

global population forever increasing
food supply reach close to crisis point yet never reach it

52
Q

give a brief explanation of Esther Boserups’ theory

A

believe that we will never actually reach crisis point as in the past we have invented new technology such as combine harvesters and tractors

53
Q

what are some positives and negatives for Esther’s theory

A

positives - it is an optimistic view of the future and what humans can achieve

negatives - not applicable to those places which are less developed
- it copies the trends of history and isn’t a prediction of trends in the future

54
Q

What does Esther believe

A

necessity is the mother of invention

55
Q

what is the green revolution

A

a time in history where we woked to get rid of famine in many nations and massively increase food production, by effectively ending subsistence agriculture and replacing it with commercial agriculture.

56
Q

what is substinence agriculture

A

growing enough just to feed your family

57
Q

what are the positives of the green revolution

A
  • lead to more genetically modified plants to add additional health benefits
  • create plants resistant to diseases so less plants go to waste
  • lead to improved agricultural techniques and technology
58
Q

what are the negatives of the green revolution

A
  • chemicals in plants may have an effect on people
  • less jobs as machines are taking work from people
  • water can be scarce in areas as some techniques require a lot of water

geogrpahy three (3 decks)

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