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Geography B > People and The Biosphere > Flashcards

People and The Biosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the biosphere?

A
  • the living layer of the earth

- between the lithosphere and atmosphere

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2
Q

What is a biome?

A

-a large scale ecosystem that can be mapped on the earth

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3
Q

What are the different biomes

A 
Tundra
Mediterranean 
Savannah grassland 
Polar
Temperate grassland
Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest 
Hot desert
Tropical rainforest
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4
Q

What 3 thing impact the location and characteristics of each biome?

A

Temperature
Sunshine
Precipitation and water availablity

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5
Q

How does temperature impact the location and characteristics of each biome?

A

Most plants need +5 degrees to grow

A long period above this temperature benefit many species

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6
Q

How does sunshine impact the location and characteristics of each biome?

A

Sunshine hours and intensity boosts photosynthesis and growth

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7
Q

How does precipitation and water availability impact the location and characteristics of each biome?

A

Plants need water to grow

More plants can grow if precipitation is spread across the year

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8
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A small scale area made up of living and non living things

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9
Q

What is a local factor?

A

Alter animal and plant species in a biome

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10
Q

What are 3 local factors?

A

Rock type
Water availability and drainage
Altitude

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11
Q

How is rock type a local factor?

A

When rocks undergo chemical weathering they release helical into the soil-creates acidic, alkaline or neutral soils

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12
Q

What tree grows in acidic soil?

A

Birch

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13
Q

What tree grows in alkaline soil?

A

Beech and Ash

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14
Q

What tree grows in neutral soil?

A

Oak

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15
Q

How is water availability and drainage a local factor?

A 
Some plant prefer waterlogged or boggy areas some plants like dries soils
How wet depends on
-Amount of precipitation 
-Amount evaporation from soil
-How permeable the soil is
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16
Q

How is altitude a local factor?

A

Temperature drops around 6.5 degrees for every 1000m increase in height.
At high altitude freezing is common
-limits plant variety that can grow
-water may freeze-can absorb water
-rainfall increases with height-some pant can grow in boggy areas

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17
Q

What are goods?

A

Physical material

18
Q

What is a service?

A

Function that the biome performs

19
Q

What are the services biomes provide?

A

Supporting:keeps the ecosystem healthy
Regulating:these keep the whole planet healthy
Cultural:benefits people get from visiting/living in healthy ecosystem

20
Q

What is the term indigenous people?

A

The original people of a region, some of which still lead transitional lifestyles

21
Q

Ecosystem services for indigenous people case study- Efe in the Congo basin

A
  • small circular houses made from wood, leaves-temporary is they are monodic hunters
  • wood for cooking comes from forest floor
  • hunt monkey and anterior for bushmeat and fish in rivers
  • plant and honey is used to make traditional medicines
22
Q

What are some examples of exploration of the ecosystem services?

A
  • slash and burn/shifting cultivation
    1. farmers cut & burn forest
    2. ash from burning add nutrient to soil
    3. land farmed for 5-6 yes but fertility is lost & farmers move to another area
  • TNCs and gov for beef
  • palm oil and cocoa beans
  • logging
  • Dam (HEP) & water supply to cities
  • mining metal ores
23
Q

Why do people’s view on the protection of the biomes differ?

A
  • financial opportunities-gov,TNCs etc
  • home & living space-indigenous tribes
  • pressure groups believe damage cannot be reversed & threats future
  • young people see value on regulating
  • people living where biomes are not under threat-less aware of threat
24
Q

What is the role biomes play on creating a healthy planet?

A
  • important carbon sink
  • store CO2 by removing it form atmosphere-locked in biotic material-called carbon sequestration
  • process called photosynthesis
25
Q

What do biomes store?

A 
Branches
Animal tissue
Leaves
Trunk
Roots
26
Q

What releases carbon into the atmosphere?

A

Deforestation

Dead animal species

27
Q

What is fall out?

A

Dead plants and animal that fall to the ground

28
Q

What is biomass?

A

The total weight of living species

29
Q

What is leaching?

A

Where nutrients are washed down through the soil

30
Q

What is run-off?

A

Where water moves over the surface of the ground

31
Q

What is uptake/growth?

A

As plant grow they take in nutrients from the soil

32
Q

Why is the biosphere important to the water cycle?

A
  • reduces flood risk-plant intercept precipitation reducing run off
  • source of water vapour-water evaporated from leaves to form clouds
  • interception and infiltration into the ground increases-encourage groundwater store to increase
33
Q

What are 3 reasons there is pressure in natural resources?

A
  • rising global population
  • rising affluence
  • increasing urbanisation
34
Q

How has rising global population put pressure in natural resources?

A

More people living on the planet the demand for food clean, water increases-pressure on biomes to provide these resources

35
Q

How has rising affluence put pressure in natural resources?

A

People are more richer than ever before can afford more products-emerging countries like India and China have millions of middles class people

36
Q

How has increasing urbanisation put pressure in natural resources?

A

Urban areas grow in size-grow into rural areas which are used to provide resources
High demand for water (cement) and energy (fossil fuel) to build urban areas

37
Q

Fact about India car ownership

A

2000-2015 risen from 6m to 30m

38
Q

Fact about South Korean meat eating

A

1980 average South Korea ate 11kg meat/year

2013 is now over 43kg meat/year

39
Q

What is the 2030 perfect storm?

A

In 2030 the world will be running out of resources.

40
Q

What was Malthusian view?

A

Population rise geometrically but food increase arithmetically.This will lead to ‘population vs resources crisis’. Population would have to fall,which could happen by:
Positive checks-war, starvation, famine
Preventative checks- marry later, less kids

41
Q

What was Boserup’s view?

A

As population grows, humans invent new tech to allow more food to be grown and more resources to be supplied

Geography B (2 decks)

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