People

Question 1

John of Arderne long term impact ?

Answer 1

His work is still copied

Question 2

Ibn nafis what did he do ?

Answer 2

He dared to disagree about the movement of the blood - arguing there were no holes in the septum

Question 3

Long term impact of inn nafis ?

Answer 3

Shows us Islamic world is moving ahead of european medicene

Question 4

Florence nightingale what did she do ???

Answer 4

Made important improvements in hospitals - insisting on clean conditions , fresh air, the boiling of sheets
Reduced death rates in Crimea hospital from 40% to 2% because of this
‘Notes for nursing ‘ published
Opened a training school for nurses

Question 5

Long term impact of Florence nightingale ?

Answer 5

New hospitals in Britain now followed Florence nightingales ideas
Her improvements meant nursing because a respectable preoffesion (before it was considered rough and drunkenly )

Question 6

What did Paracelsus do ?& negative

Answer 6

Criticised the theory of the four humours and argued disease was caused by seeds which settled in the infected parts of the body
Claimed his ideas came from the woods sprites and pixies

(Negative - he couldn’t prove it )

Question 7

Long term impact of Paracelsus

Answer 7

His criticisms of Galen helped to make medicine more scientific

Question 8

What did Sophia jex Blake do ?

Answer 8

Led six women - went through a medical course at Edinburgh university - they refused to give them a medical degree so they campaigned

Question 9

Long term impact of Sophia jex Blake ?

Answer 9

Campaign to change the law meant parliament passed an act in 1876 which allowed women to take medical degrees
- means now women outnumber men by 2 to 3 in most British med schools

Question 10

What did Mary seacole do?

Answer 10

Turned down when she asked to join Florence nightingales team of nurses - paid for her own sea ticket and set up her own hotel . Soldiers came to her hotel because she had good food , treated them for cholera with remedies and visited the battle field they called her ‘mother seacole ‘ .
Published - ‘the wonderful adventures of Mary seacole ‘

Question 11

Long term impact of Mary seacole ?

Answer 11

None - probably because of poverty , not as famous as Florence , racism , came from a different background )

Question 12

Edward Jenner - what did he do?

Answer 12

Realised that vaccinating people against cowpox meant people came immune to smallpox

Question 13

Long term impact of Edward Jenner ?

Answer 13

Inspired Louis Pasteur 80 years on
to investigate vaccination & how it works which led on to the germ theory - saved millions of lives

Eventually smallpox was eliminated world wide

Question 14

Howard Florey & Ernst chain what did they do?

Answer 14

Took Flemings discovery further and turned penicillin to a pure drug , Florey went on to find a way of mass producing it

Question 15

What was the long term impact of Howard Florey and Ernst chain ?

Answer 15

They saved millions of lives and there was enough penicillin to treat all the casualties on d-day

Question 16

Joesph bazalgette - what did he do ?

Answer 16

He built new sewers which intercepted the sewers in the old sewers , took the sewage out to the sea instead of it being emptied in the local river.

Question 17

Long term impact of joesph bazalgette ?

Answer 17

Towns copied these new series and so public health improved all round , his sewers were part of the reason for why 1865 -66 was the year of the last major cholera epidemic in Britain .

Question 18

What did Hippocrates do ? (-and negative )

Answer 18

'A programme for health ' 
Hippocratic oath 
Theory of the four humours 
Encouraged people to look for natural treatments 
Clinical observation 

Negative - four humours was wrong - put about the incorrect version of dealing with health

Question 19

Long term impact of Hippocrates ?

Answer 19

Although altered by Galen his theory lived on for centuries
People still use the Hippocratic oath today
Allowed people to make progress - observing and recording diseased symptoms
- doctors continued to use the theory of the four humours as the basis of their own for hundreds of years

Question 20

What did Galen do ?

Answer 20

He developed Hippocrates theory of the four humours with the theory of opposites
He discovered the brain ( not the heart) controls the speech
Found that arteries Aswel as veins carry blood around the body
Proved the anatomy of animals is different to the anatomy of humans

Question 21

What was the long term impact of Galen ?

Answer 21

His theory was logical - encouraged other doctors to look for logical natural ideas
Galens ideas lasted 1400 more years - even though some were incorrect

Question 22

What did herophilius do ?

Answer 22

He was the first to dissect human bodies in public

Discovered that the brain and not the heart controls the movement of the body (pig experiment )

Question 23

Long term impact of herophilius ?

Answer 23

Advances in medicene were made as were knew/know that the brain is the control centre of the body
- first step to accurate understanding of the body

Question 24

What did Christian Barnard do ?

Answer 24

He carried out he first heart transplant

Question 25

What was the long term impact of Christian Barnard ?

Answer 25

He helped surgery to progress

Question 26

What did Elizabeth garret do ??

Answer 26

She wasn’t allowed to become a doctor because of the medical registration act of 1852.
She brought a legal case with her father against the society of apothecaries and forced them to let her join
She trained to become a doctor
(However the society banned any other women from doing the same )

Question 27

What was the long term impact of Elizabeth garret ?

Answer 27

She encouraged other girls to fight for what they want - if they want to become doctors they should - fight for inequality

Question 28

What did Paul ehrlich do ?

Answer 28

• first “magic bullet “
  Had been part of Robert kochs research team tested dyes and chemicals to find which killed bacteria -it was salvarson 606
• medical breakthrough - first chemical compound to kill bacteria in a patient

Question 29

Long term impact of Paul ehrlich ?

Answer 29

He proved a way for similar treatments to be found - so they could be found and helped the kill bacteria and improve health !

Question 30

David Lloyd George what did he do ?

Answer 30

Introduced ‘people’s budget’ which aimed to tax the rich to pay for the old age pensions

Question 31

What was the long term impact of David Lloyd George ?

Answer 31

His work meant old pensions were possible with a reliable money scheme to pay for it
Old people now didn’t have to work until they died

Question 32

What did Robert Koch do ?

Answer 32

Studied anthrax (a disease affecting humans & animals )
Proved bacteria causes human disease
Developed improved methods of studying them - him & his team of doctors discovered the tuberculosis and cholera bacterium
Proved different bacteria causes different diseases

Question 33

Long term impact of Robert Koch ??

Answer 33

People got better & other scientists used his methods & discovered other bacterium

Question 34

John of Arderne what did he do ?

Answer 34

Surgeon - did surgery on rectum

Question 35

What did gerhard Domagk do ?

Answer 35

Second “magic bullet”

He discovered the red dye prontosill killed the bacteria causing blood poisoning & used it successfully

Question 36

Long term impact of gerhard Domagk ?

Answer 36

Researches could use powerful electron microscopes to identify the ingredients sulphonamide. The pharmaceutical companies could discover this and use it to treat Scarlett fever, meningitis etc
Helped to reduce death rate among women giving birth

Question 37

What did James Simpson do ?

Answer 37

Discovered chloroform could be used as an anaesthetic and started using it to ease women’s labour pains whilst giving birth - first anaesthetic

Question 38

Long term impact of James Simpson ? & negative

Answer 38

Big step forward in proper pain relif
Surgeons could now operate slower and discover more
Led to the black period of surgery

Negative - bloodloss problems - people weren’t careful they overdosed patients

(John snow developed an inhaler that regulates the dose of chloroform which made overdoses less likely )

Question 39

What did Louis Pasteur do ?

Answer 39

Published the germ theory
Proved it in swan necked flask experiment
Proved theory of spontaneous generation was wrong and that bacteria causes decay and is airborne
1865 - showed a disease in silkworms called pebrine was caused by bacteria
Not able to prove link between bacteria and human disease as he was a chemist and not a doctor
Understood vaccines and developed one for anthrax - proved method for making them

Question 40

Long term impact of Pasteur ?

Answer 40

Led to a dramatic improvement in hygiene and surgery in hospitals
Meant people are made better , doctors understand the cause of disease and other scientists used his methods and discovered other bacterium

Question 41

What did aneurin bevan do ?

Answer 41

Health minister - introduced the national health service
He was a powerful and persuasive speaker
Won support of hospital consultants - nhs was started

Question 42

Long term impact of aneurin bevan ?

Answer 42

The nhs system changed people’s lives because it meant people no longer had to pay for medical care if they were ill and women benefitted as usually they would put their families before themselves