People

Question 1

Martin Luther

Answer 1

• German monk who triggered revolt of the Church

- author of the 95 Theses against indulgences

Question 2

Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 2

• artist of the Italian Renaissance

- famous for The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Question 3

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Answer 3

• artist of the Italian Renaissance

- famous for sculpture of David and murals in the Sistine Chapel in Rome

Question 4

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 4

-famous for the book “The Prince” (guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power)

Question 5

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 5

• famous for the printing press

- sparked the Printing Revolution

Question 6

Thomas More

Answer 6

• English humanist

- wrote “Utopia”, describing new ideals for men and women, which supported social reforms

Question 7

Albrecht Durer

Answer 7

• artist of the Renaissance (in the North)

- applied engravings to his paintings

Question 8

John Calvin

Answer 8

• preached of “predestination”
• “Calvinists” attempted to live like saints
• set up a theocracy (government run by the church)

Question 9

Henry VIII

Answer 9

-took over the English church to get what he wanted (mutiple wives)

Question 10

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 10

• classified as a scientist

- proposed heliocentric model of the universe

Question 11

Galileo Galilei

Answer 11

• scientist
• made astronomical telescope
• proposed that Earth moves around the sun

Question 12

Francis Bacon/Rene Descartes

Answer 12

• scientists
• wanted to understand how truth is determined
• it is known by a process of investigation
• Bacon = experiments + observation
• Descartes = human reasoning

Question 13

Isaac Newtown

Answer 13

• scientist
• created the theory/law of gravity
• used arithmetic known as calculus

Question 14

Vasco da Gama

Answer 14

• Portuguese voyager
• voyaged around Africa to India
• set up the first European posts in India

Question 15

Prince Henry

Answer 15

• led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal

- under his leadership many islands and African territories were discovered and claimed for Portugal

Question 16

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 16

• Portuguese voyager
• sailed around South America
• conitinued across Pacific Ocean to the Phillipines where he was killed
• his crew continued on to Spain

Question 17

Christopher Columbus

Answer 17

-wanted to find the Northwest passage to Asia and discovered the Americas which he claimed for Spain

Question 18

Hernan Cortes

Answer 18

• Spanish conquistador

- with allies, he conquered the Mexican capitol of Tenochitlan

Question 19

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 19

• Spanish conquistador

- with allies, he conquered the South American city of Inca

Question 20

Queen Isabella

Answer 20

-she and her husband, Ferdinand II, brought stability to Spain and therefore better unification

Question 21

Zheng He

Answer 21

-(under the Ming Emperor) he commanded a Chinese fleet that sailed to Southeast Asia, India, and the Arabian gulf

Question 22

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Answer 22

• founded Tokugawa shogun of Japan
• created unified orderly society
• conservative ways would bring conflict with future foreigners

Question 23

Maximillion Robespierre

Answer 23

• nicknamed :”The Incorruptible”
• dedicated to the French Revolution
• promoted “public of virtue” through strict laws
• brought the Reign of Terror with the guillotine (aka The National Razor)
• Reign of Terror: inflexible justice with an influx of death sentences

Question 24

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 24

• born in Corsica (a French territory)
• won the Battle of Lodi (vs. Austrian army)
• won Battle of Trafalgar (vs. Britain)
• won of Toulon (vs. Britain)
• Military educated
• recieved the nickname of “le petite corporal”
• supported Robespierre
• loved power
• came from minor nobility

Question 25

Louis XVI

Answer 25

- King at the time of French Revolution snd also the cause - married Marie Antoinette of Austria (aka "Lady Deficit") - killed in the Reign of Terror - disliked by subjects

Question 26

Jean-Paul Marat

Answer 26

- radical journalist in the French Revolution - his writings fuled the Reign of Terror - killed by Charlotte Corday in the hopes of bringing peace back to France

Question 27

Voltaire

Answer 27

- French philosopher in the "Age of Reason" - encouraged freedom of religion, expression, slaves, and separation of church and state - always defended the principle of freedom of speech

Question 28

Denis Diderot

Answer 28

- French philosopher during the Enlightenment | - chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopedia

Question 29

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 29

- writer of the Enlightenment - voice of democracy - writer of "The Spirit of the Laws", which advanced the idea of seperation of powers (a foundation of modern democracy)

Question 30

John Locke

Answer 30

- philosopher of the scientififc revolution | - argued that relifion and divine aid (indulgences) are not needed for an individual's destiny to be determined

Question 31

Adam Smith

Answer 31

- Scottish moral philosopher during Enlightenment - advocated abolition of mercentile system - saw nature as a set of physical resources to be exploited by human beings - was in favor of limited government activity in the economy

Question 32

Catherine the Great

Answer 32

- Russia's greatest ruler - came to power after her husband, Peter III, was assassinated - led Russia into the "Golden Age" - Russia grew larger and stronger, becoming recognixed as on of ther great powers of Europe