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Honors World History 10 Semester Exam > People > Flashcards

People Flashcards

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1
Q

Martin Luther

A
  • German monk who triggered revolt of the Church

- author of the 95 Theses against indulgences

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2
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci

A
  • artist of the Italian Renaissance

- famous for The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

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3
Q

Michelangelo Buonarroti

A
  • artist of the Italian Renaissance

- famous for sculpture of David and murals in the Sistine Chapel in Rome

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4
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

-famous for the book “The Prince” (guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power)

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5
Q

Johann Gutenberg

A
  • famous for the printing press

- sparked the Printing Revolution

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6
Q

Thomas More

A
  • English humanist

- wrote “Utopia”, describing new ideals for men and women, which supported social reforms

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7
Q

Albrecht Durer

A
  • artist of the Renaissance (in the North)

- applied engravings to his paintings

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8
Q

John Calvin

A
  • preached of “predestination”
  • “Calvinists” attempted to live like saints
  • set up a theocracy (government run by the church)
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9
Q

Henry VIII

A

-took over the English church to get what he wanted (mutiple wives)

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10
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A
  • classified as a scientist

- proposed heliocentric model of the universe

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11
Q

Galileo Galilei

A
  • scientist
  • made astronomical telescope
  • proposed that Earth moves around the sun
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12
Q

Francis Bacon/Rene Descartes

A
  • scientists
  • wanted to understand how truth is determined
  • it is known by a process of investigation
  • Bacon = experiments + observation
  • Descartes = human reasoning
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13
Q

Isaac Newtown

A
  • scientist
  • created the theory/law of gravity
  • used arithmetic known as calculus
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14
Q

Vasco da Gama

A
  • Portuguese voyager
  • voyaged around Africa to India
  • set up the first European posts in India
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15
Q

Prince Henry

A
  • led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal

- under his leadership many islands and African territories were discovered and claimed for Portugal

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16
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A
  • Portuguese voyager
  • sailed around South America
  • conitinued across Pacific Ocean to the Phillipines where he was killed
  • his crew continued on to Spain
17
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

-wanted to find the Northwest passage to Asia and discovered the Americas which he claimed for Spain

18
Q

Hernan Cortes

A
  • Spanish conquistador

- with allies, he conquered the Mexican capitol of Tenochitlan

19
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A
  • Spanish conquistador

- with allies, he conquered the South American city of Inca

20
Q

Queen Isabella

A

-she and her husband, Ferdinand II, brought stability to Spain and therefore better unification

21
Q

Zheng He

A

-(under the Ming Emperor) he commanded a Chinese fleet that sailed to Southeast Asia, India, and the Arabian gulf

22
Q

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A
  • founded Tokugawa shogun of Japan
  • created unified orderly society
  • conservative ways would bring conflict with future foreigners
23
Q

Maximillion Robespierre

A
  • nicknamed :”The Incorruptible”
  • dedicated to the French Revolution
  • promoted “public of virtue” through strict laws
  • brought the Reign of Terror with the guillotine (aka The National Razor)
  • Reign of Terror: inflexible justice with an influx of death sentences
24
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A
  • born in Corsica (a French territory)
  • won the Battle of Lodi (vs. Austrian army)
  • won Battle of Trafalgar (vs. Britain)
  • won of Toulon (vs. Britain)
  • Military educated
  • recieved the nickname of “le petite corporal”
  • supported Robespierre
  • loved power
  • came from minor nobility
25
Q

Louis XVI

A
  • King at the time of French Revolution snd also the cause
  • married Marie Antoinette of Austria (aka “Lady Deficit”)
  • killed in the Reign of Terror
  • disliked by subjects
26
Q

Jean-Paul Marat

A
  • radical journalist in the French Revolution
  • his writings fuled the Reign of Terror
  • killed by Charlotte Corday in the hopes of bringing peace back to France
27
Q

Voltaire

A
  • French philosopher in the “Age of Reason”
  • encouraged freedom of religion, expression, slaves, and separation of church and state
  • always defended the principle of freedom of speech
28
Q

Denis Diderot

A
  • French philosopher during the Enlightenment

- chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopedia

29
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A
  • writer of the Enlightenment
  • voice of democracy
  • writer of “The Spirit of the Laws”, which advanced the idea of seperation of powers (a foundation of modern democracy)
30
Q

John Locke

A
  • philosopher of the scientififc revolution

- argued that relifion and divine aid (indulgences) are not needed for an individual’s destiny to be determined

31
Q

Adam Smith

A
  • Scottish moral philosopher during Enlightenment
  • advocated abolition of mercentile system
  • saw nature as a set of physical resources to be exploited by human beings
  • was in favor of limited government activity in the economy
32
Q

Catherine the Great

A
  • Russia’s greatest ruler
  • came to power after her husband, Peter III, was assassinated
  • led Russia into the “Golden Age”
  • Russia grew larger and stronger, becoming recognixed as on of ther great powers of Europe

Honors World History 10 Semester Exam (3 decks)

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