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AP Psych Test Review > People > Flashcards

People Flashcards

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1
Q

Influenced the evolutionary perspective of psychology Discovered natural selection.

A

Charles Darwin

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2
Q

Established the first psychology research lab. Also pioneered introspection

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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3
Q

Viewed studying the purpose of behavior and mental experiences as highly important. Part of the James-Lange theory of emotion

A

William James

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4
Q

Established America’s first psychology lab and served as first president of American Psychological Association (APA)

A

G. Stanley Hall

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5
Q

Denied a Ph.D from Harvard, but established a psychological lab at Wellesley College. Served as the first elected female president of APA

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

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6
Q

First American woman awarded a Ph. D in psychology and known for her work in experimentation of animal behavior

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

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7
Q

Founded psychoanalytic school of psychological thought and developed a theory of personality that emphasized unconscious conflicts in behavior.

A

Sigmund Freud

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8
Q

Emphasized the scientific study of observable behaviors rather than mental processes. Founder of behaviorism

A

John B. Watson

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9
Q

Discovered that the speech production center of the brain is located in the lower left frontal lobe

A

Paul Broca (Broca’s Area)

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10
Q

Discovered that damage to the left temporal lobe causes deficits in language comprehension

A

Carl Wernicke (Wenicke’s Area)

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11
Q

Pioneered research with split-brain patients

A

Roger Sperry

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12
Q

Advanced understanding of how the two cerebral hemispheres communicate with one another

A

Michael Gazzaniga

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13
Q

Discovered that for each sense the size of the noticeable difference will vary depending on relation to the strength of original stimulus

A

Ernest Heinrich Weber (Weber’s Law)

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14
Q

Demonstrated the presence of specialized neurons in the occipital lobes’ visual cortex that responds to specific features of an image.

A

David Hubel. Had help from Torsten Wiesel.

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15
Q

Theorized that a hypnotized person experiences a special state of dissociation

A

Ernest Hilgard

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16
Q

Designed experiments to study and formulate the principles of classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

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17
Q

Conducted research on taste aversion

A

John Garcia

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18
Q

Refined Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory and indicated the conditioned stimulus must be a reliable signal that predicts the presentations of the unconditioned stimulus

A

Robert Rescorla

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19
Q

Conducted first systematic investigations of animal behavior and found responses followed by a satisfying outcome are more likely to be repeated

A

Edward Thorndike

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20
Q

Insisted psychologists focus on observable behavior that can be measured and verified. Formulated principles of operant conditioning

A

B. F. Skinner

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21
Q

Believed that behavior is a complex chain of stimulus-response connections that is strengthened by a rewarding consequence.

A

Edward Tolman

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22
Q

Believed behaviorists underestimated animal cognitive processes and abilities

A

Wolfgang Kohler

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23
Q

Illustrated role of modeling human behavior. Contends that observational learning is responsible for most human behavior

A

Albert Bandera

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24
Q

Presented evidence that the capacity for short-term memory is 7 items give or take 2

A

George A. Miller

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25
Q

Created the forgetting curve which shows a rapid loss of memories of relatively meaningless information

A

Hermann Ebbinghaus

26
Q

Researched the misinformation effect which demonstrated eyewitness testimony is often unreliable

A

Elizabeth Loftus

27
Q

Argued that young children possess an innate capacity to learn and produce speech

A

Noam Chomsky

28
Q

Considered to be the humanistic approach found. Focused on what constituted as positive mental health. Created the hierarchy of needs.

A

Abraham Maslow

29
Q

Best known for his two-factor theory of emotion in whcih our emotions depend on the physical arousal and a cognitive labeling of that arousal

A

Stanley Schachter

30
Q

Created the general adaptation syndrome for stress (GAS)

A

Hans Selye

31
Q

Researched human sexuality

A

Alfred Kinsey

32
Q

Observed attachment relationships between infants and their mothers

A

Mary Ainsworth

33
Q

Did the rhesus monkey experiments with attachment. Found attachment is a way of comfort and protection to a child to some extent.

A

Harry Harlow

34
Q

Founded the science of comparison between animals and their natural surroundings

A

Konrad Lorenz

35
Q

produced theories of cognitive development. Focused on the rational, perceiving child who has the capacity to make sense of the world.

A

Jean Piaget

36
Q

Emphasized how culture and social interaction with parents influence a child’s development cognitively. Children learn culture habits through internalization

A

Lev Vygotsky

37
Q

Characterized parents into different categorical types

A

Diana Baumrind

38
Q

Produced eight psychological stages of development. Specifically interested in how adolescents overcome confusion of roles and finding an identity.

A

Erik Erikson

39
Q

Used hypothetical moral dilemmas to study moral reasoning

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

40
Q

Critiqued Kohlberg’s theory of moral development because the sample consisted of fully males

A

Carol Gilligan

41
Q

Pioneered the use of psychiatry in both social work and early childhood education

A

Alfred Adler

42
Q

Developed the concept of collective unconscious (shared human experiences embodied in myths and cultural archetypes

A

Carl jung

43
Q

Offered the view that people are innately good. Believed strongly in self-concept

A

Carl Rogers

44
Q

Developed the five-factor model

A

Paul Costa and Robert Mccrae

45
Q

Developed the statistical concept of correlation and first to demonstrate the normal distribution.

A

Francis Galton

46
Q

Observed that an individual’s scores on various tests of intellectual performance correlated with one another. Created the g-factor

A

Charles Spearman

47
Q

Believed Intelligence was based on the triarchic model (creativity, analytic, and practical intelligence)

A

Robert Stern

48
Q

Developed the theory of multiple intelligence

A

Howard Gardner

49
Q

Invented first usable intelligence test

A

Alfred Binet

50
Q

Was the inventor of the Stanford-Binet IQ test and creator of the IQ

A

Lewis Terman

51
Q

Determined how far a person’s IQ score deviated from the bell curve

A

David Wechsler

52
Q

Documented how states cared for their insane poor and helped created the first American mental hospital

A

Dorothea Dix

53
Q

helped clients dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational interpretations (rational-emotive therapy)

A

Albert Ellis

54
Q

Applied behavioral techniques to therapy

A

Mary Cover Jones

55
Q

The father of cognitive therapy

A

Aaron beck

56
Q

Created systematic desensitization to treat phobias

A

Joseph Wolpe

57
Q

Formulated cognitive dissonances in which tension and anxiety occur when an individual’s attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent

A

Leon Festinger

58
Q

Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Philip Zimbardo

59
Q

Developed social psychology into an academic discipline

A

Soloman Asch

60
Q

Did experiments on conformity which transformed our understanding of human nature and ethics

A

Stanley Milgram

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