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Business paper 1 > People > Flashcards

People Flashcards

1
Q

What are functions

A

the different types of work that need to be done in business

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2
Q

what is human resources

A

the workers employed by a business

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3
Q

what is identifying human resource needs

A

the act of thinking about the purposes of human resources and how many and what type of workers will be needed

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4
Q

what is a personnel plan

A

a plan detailing the employees a business needs - how many will be full/part time workers, the skills they should have and when they will work

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5
Q

what does a personnel plan include

A

how many workers are needed
type of workers needed
how the business will get its best out of the workers

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6
Q

what influences the human resource needs of a business

A

what it produces
how much it produces
method of production
when production takes place
the functions/jobs to be completed
the budget available

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7
Q

what is an organisational structure

A

how people and departments are arranged within a business

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8
Q

what are the two different organisational structures

A

tall
flat

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9
Q

what is a tall structure

A

a structure that has lots of layers of staff from top to bottom

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10
Q

where is a tall structure suitable

A

large organisations
for non creative businesses where workers perform limited, clear tasks

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11
Q

what are the advantages of a tall structure

A

there are clear lines of communicat-ion throughout the organisation
managers tend to have fewer people to be responsible for
lots of opportunities for promotion which can increase motivation of employees

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12
Q

what are the disadvantages of a tall structure

A

subordinates may feel they are to controlled by line manager which reduces creativity
workers may only talk to immediate colleagues and be less sympathetic to other areas of the business

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13
Q

what is a flat structure

A

an organisation with only a few layers maybe as little as two or three

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14
Q

where is a flat structure suitable

A

for creative businesses
for smaller businesses because workers can feel valued

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15
Q

what are the advantages of a flat structure

A

managers delegate responsibility to workers which is good for motivation
workers talk to a wider range of colleagues - new ideas are generated

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16
Q

what are the disadvantages of a flat structure

A

there aren’t always clear lines of communication - may not get information
managers have a large number of workers to oversee
promotions may be few and unclear to workers - reduced motivation

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17
Q

What is an organisational structure

A

a diagram to show how the workers are organised in a business and who is in charge of whom

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18
Q

what is authority

A

the power that one person has to make decisions and to give instructions to those workers they are in charge of

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19
Q

what is a line manager

A

a person who is in charge of other workers

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20
Q

what are subordinates

A

workers that a line manager is responsible for

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21
Q

what is delegation

A

a process where a manager gives a subordinate responsibility to make certain decisions for which the manager is responsible for

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22
Q

what is a chain of command

A

the link in authority from those at the top to those at the bottom

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23
Q

what is a span of control

A

the number of subordinates that a manager has authority over

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24
Q

why do businesses chose different organisation charts

A

importance of effective communication
different job roles and responsibilities
different ways of working

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25
Q

What is full-time working

A

when a person works 35 hours or more per week

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26
Q

what are the advantages of full-time working to the business

A

the worker is permanently available for the business

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27
Q

what are the advantages of full-time working to the worker

A

they get paid for a full working week

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28
Q

what are the disadvantages of full-time working to the business

A

the business may have to pay the worker at a time when no work needs to be done

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29
Q

what are the disadvantages if full-time working to the worker

A

the worker is tied to working a full working week throughout the year

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30
Q

what is part-time working

A

when a person works fewer than 35 hours a week

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31
Q

what are the advantages of part-time working to the business

A

the worker can be asked to work at specific times needed by the business

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32
Q

what are the advantages of part-time working for the worker

A

the worker can work when it suits them

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33
Q

what are the disadvantages of part-time working to the business

A

the business may have to train more workers than if it employed only full time workers

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34
Q

what are the disadvantages of part-time working to the worker

A

the worker will only get paid for the hours they work so they earn less money or might need a second job

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35
Q

what is flexible working

A

the practice of people working partly at their place of work and partly elsewhere, perhaps at home or mobile, and possibly at times that suites them

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36
Q

what are the advantages of flexible working to the business

A

the business may benefit from motivated workers who like the flexibility of when they will work.

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37
Q

what are the advantages of flexible working for the worker

A

the worker can work at times that suit them

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38
Q

what are the disadvantages of flexible working to the business

A

the worker may not be available to work when needed by the business

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39
Q

what are the disadvantages of flexible working to the worker

A

the worker may not be offered as much work as they want

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40
Q

what is temporary working

A

when a person only works for a short period of time for an employer sometimes on a short term contract or sometimes on a day-to-day basis

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41
Q

what is an advantage of temporary working to the business

A

the business only employs workers for the length of time they need them

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42
Q

what is an advantage of temporary working to the worker

A

the worker can work and earn for a period and then have time to do other things they want to

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43
Q

what is a disadvantage of temporary working for the business

A

the business may find it difficult to recruit enough workers at times when they are needed

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44
Q

what is a disadvantage of temporary working to the worker

A

the worker may find there are times of the year when there is no work for them

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45
Q

what is working from home

A

when a person completes work for a business in their home

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46
Q

what is an advantage of working from home to the business

A

the business may save costs by not having to provide office space

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47
Q

what is an advantage of working from home to the worker

A

the worker saves time and money by not having to travel to work

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48
Q

what is a disadvantage of working from home to a business

A

workers may not communicate with each other very well - reducing their efficiency

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49
Q

what is a disadvantage of working from home for the worker

A

the worker may find there are distractions at home
they may miss socialising

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50
Q

what is working when mobile

A

when people work while they are on the move, travelling or on holiday

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51
Q

what are the advantages of working mobile to the business

A

the business benefits from the increased productivity of the worker

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52
Q

what are the advantages of working mobile to the worker

A

the worker can make full use of their time even when they are travelling

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53
Q

what are the disadvantages of working mobile to the business

A

the business may not be able to monitor that the worker is working as much as he or she should

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54
Q

what are the disadvantages of working mobile to the worker

A

the worker may feel under pressure to work a lot even on holiday

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55
Q

what is self employment

A

working for ones self instead of an employer

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56
Q

what are the advantages of self employment to the business

A

only need to pay them for a specific job - don’t need to pay national insurance or a pension or pay them when there is no work

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57
Q

what are the advantages of self employment to the worker

A

the worker is likely to be in control and may be more motivated because their earnings depend on how much they produce

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58
Q

what are the disadvantages of self employment to the business

A

they may not work in the way that the employees are trained to work

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59
Q

what are the disadvantages of self employment to the worker

A

there is a lot less job security for the worker as there may be times when there is no income

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60
Q

what is communication

A

the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through a means of communication

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61
Q

what is verbal communication

A

communication by speaking - in meetings, by telephone, by video conference or through presentation

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62
Q

what is written communication

A

communication through written words - text, emails and letters

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63
Q

what are the advantages of communication over the phone

A

good for discussion of ideas and making arrangements
its immediate providing the communicators are available to speak

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64
Q

what are the disadvantages of communication over the phone

A

no record of the discussion (unless recorder)
can be difficult with long waiting times to get through to a call centre

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65
Q

what re the advantages of a meeting

A

good way to exchange ideas and check understanding
minutes are written for a record

66
Q

what are the disadvantages of a meeting

A

can be expensive to get people together
formal meetings can take time to arrange

67
Q

what are the advantages of a presentation

A

the speaker can prepare in advantage to be able to explain it clearly
often possible to ask questions and help understanding

68
Q

what are the disadvantages of a presentation

A

there will be a lot of listeners and may be difficult to check they all understand
presentations take time to plan and are expensive

69
Q

what are the advantages of a letter

A

provides a record of communication
the sender can make sure ideas are clearly expressed and the reader can read it more than once

70
Q

what are the disadvantages of a letter

A

it takes time for letters to be delivered
if the meaning is unclear it may be difficult for the receiver to check

71
Q

what are the advantages of an email

A

a very fast method of communicating
good for short messages but you can also add attachments for more information

72
Q

what are the disadvantages of an email

A

a person may not check their emails regularly
bulk emails are often ignored or sent to spam

73
Q

what are the advantages of text

A

very fast method
receiver can save the text to remember the details

74
Q

what are the disadvantages of a text

A

only limited information can be given
not good for discussing ideas

75
Q

what are the advantages of social media

A

the message can be sent to multiple people cheaply
pictures can be added to the message

76
Q

what are the disadvantages of social media

A

someone in the business needs to manage the communications
not easy to judge how successful a message has been

77
Q

what are the advantages of websites

A

saves money as information doesn’t need to be printed or posted
customers can order online doesn’t need a shop

78
Q

what are the disadvantages of a website

A

customers cannot ask for information easily
customers cannot view the goods

79
Q

what is feedback

A

the response made by the person who received a communication which indicates if they have understood the communication

80
Q

what is the importance of communication in marketing

A

research needs to be done to find out what the customers want
important for telling customers about the goods and services
sales team may need to communicate about selling the product

81
Q

what is the importance of communication in human resources

A

workers need to be recruited
workers need to be appraised
problems between workers need to be solved

82
Q

what is the importance of communication within the government

A

the business needs to know their rules and regulations about safety, environmental (etc)
the business may ask for help from the government

83
Q

what is the importance of communication in operations

A

the production team will need to know how many goods to make
they need to discuss problems about quality

84
Q

what is the importance of communication in finance

A

communication with banks about loans
bills need to be sent out and payment recorded
the account department need information about sales and purchases to keep accurate accounts

85
Q

what is digital communication

A

the electronic exchange of information using ICT

86
Q

what effects are there of digital communication on operations

A

automation - fewer workers are needed reducing costs - expensive at first

87
Q

what effects are there of digital communication in human resources

A

working mobile - easier, more widely used
recruitment websites - easier to recruit workers
increased productivity - can do tasks quicker on computers - reducing costs

88
Q

what effects are there of digital communication in marketing

A

sell online - fewer shops or offices - less expensive
online marketing - promoting via websites and social media
increased competition - cheaper for businesses to sell online - easier for consumers to shop
new business opportunities - new online TV stations and delivery services

89
Q

what is a skills gap

A

when a business recruits skilled workers because it is short of them

90
Q

what is analysing human resource needs

A

when an organisation decides how many workers and what type it should employ

91
Q

why do business recruit

A

to start up a business - need workers to run it, make the goods/services it offers
when a business grows - may need more workers and then more managers
to replace employees who leave - retirement, promotion, dismissal, better pay from another business
to fill a skills gap - short of skills because its growing or it is changing the way it produces which requires more skilled workers

92
Q

what is an external method of recruitment

A

includes websites ,newspapers ,social media and specialist magazines

93
Q

what is an internal method of recruitment

A

includes notice boards, word of mouth, company websites and emails to staff

94
Q

what is a job description

A

a list of the main duties ,tasks and responsibilities of a worker

95
Q

what is a person specification

A

a list of the qualities, qualifications and knowledge that a person should have to do a particular job

96
Q

what are the advantages of internal recruitment

A

it is cheaper to advertise internally
often quicker to recruit than external
the worker will already be known to the managers so can be confident about the work they will do
the worker knows the business so there arent any problems settling in
it can motivate workers if they see colleagues being promoted

97
Q

what are the advantages of external recruitment

A

it can fill a skills gap when there is no one employed who can do the job
people from outside can bring in new ideas
avoids workers becoming unhappy if they arent selected but their colleague is
necessary when the business is growing and more workers are needed
saves having to recruit someone to replace a worker promoted internally

98
Q

what are the key points of a website

A

internal and external - firms website or special site for advertising

99
Q

what are the key points of social media

A

internal and external - now widely used as many applicants have social media

100
Q

what are the key points of local newspapers

A

external - appropriate when the job is likely to only appeal to those in the area

101
Q

what are key points of national newspapers

A

external - appropriate when workers from a wide geographical area may apply - expensive

102
Q

what are the key points of specialist magazines and newspapers

A

external - good for specialists in professions who read journals and magazines relevant to their expertise.

103
Q

what are the key points of a job centre

A

external - run by the government give workers the opportunity to use computers and find out a wide range of jobs

104
Q

what are the key points of word of mouth

A

internal and external - existing employees tell friends which saves the business money

105
Q

what are the key points of emails

A

internal - the business can send an advertisement to workers they know may be interested in the job

106
Q

what are the main points of noticeboard or company magazines

A

internal - this is cheap and will be seen by workers likely to be interested in the job

107
Q

what is selection

A

the process of choosing between applicants for a job

108
Q

what are the 7 methods of selection

A

Letter of application
Interview
application form
group activities
reference
tests and presentations
CV (Curriculum Vitae)

109
Q

what is a letter of application

A

the applicant uses this to explain why they think they are suitable for the job
it is helpful to see how well the applicant’s information is put together

110
Q

what is an interview

A

the business representative asks questions of the applicants
good for finding out what applicants have to say and judging their personality and communication skills

111
Q

what is an application form

A

the firm can specify the information it needs and all the applicants will need to complete a form
a good way to compare applciants

112
Q

what are group activities

A

applicants work together on a task
good for showing how well people work with others.

113
Q

what is a reference

A

a statement from a previous employer to give information about work sone by an applicant and how well they did their job

114
Q

what are tests and presentations

A

the applicants ability for a specific skill such as typing can be tested
a presentation enables the applicant to demonstrate their ideas and ability to communicate

115
Q

what is a CV(Curriculum Vitae)

A

a summary of the personal details and qualifications and experience of the applicant

116
Q

what is motivation

A

encouragement given to workers to work well

117
Q

what are the 4 financial methods of motivation

A

Pay
Bonus
Profit sharing
Fringe benefits

118
Q

what is Pay

A

the money earned by the workers as a reward for the work they do

119
Q

what are the positives and negatives of Pay

A

doesnt reward workers for how well they work only for how long they work.
a wage is paid weekly and a salary is paid yearly - it motivates workers as they receive a regular income

120
Q

what is a Bonus

A

an additional payment to workers for achieving a target

121
Q

what are the positives and negatives of Bonuses

A

targets need to be fair and realistic or workers won’t feel motivated
it motivates workers because the more they produce or sell the more they earn - productivity is improved

122
Q

what is Profit Sharing

A

when workers receive some of the profits made by a business

123
Q

what are the positives and negatives of Profit Sharing

A

it reduces profit for shareholders
it motivates them - if they work efficiently the business makes more profit which will increase their income

124
Q

what are Fringe Benefits

A

additional benefits that workers receive in addition to pay e.g. a gym membership

125
Q

what are the positives and negatives of Fringe Benefits

A

are a cost to the business so may remove profits
attractive package of pay and benefits that are good for motivating staff not to leave the business

126
Q

who are bonuses often paid to

A

individuals or teams who’s output can be measured

127
Q

who are Profit Sharing often paid to

A

workers who’s individual output can be measured

128
Q

what are the 3 methods of non-financial motivation?

A

praise
award schemes
working environment

129
Q

what is praise

A

a way of motivating a worker by complimenting their work and making them feel recognised and valued.

130
Q

how does Praise motivate

A

it makes workers feel appreciated and valued. those not praised may feel that they need to work better to earn praise.

131
Q

what is an advantage of Praise

A

it doesnt cost the business anything and it helps to make a positive climate.

132
Q

what is a disadvantage of Praise

A

sometimes there is no financial reward for work over a long time workers may not feel truly value

133
Q

who is Praise suitable for

A

all workers as everyone likes to be appriciated

134
Q

what is an award scheme

A

a presentation to recognise an individual worker or teams effort and achievement

135
Q

how do award schemes motivate

A

it makes workers feel values and will encourage them and others to continue to increase their efforts

136
Q

what is an advantage of an award scheme

A

cost of these vary but not all are expensive to give

137
Q

what is a disadvantage of an award scheme

A

there is some cost to them, they need to be given to fairly so workers who do not receive an award dont feel upset

138
Q

who is an award scheme suitable for

A

all workers as everyone likes to feel appreciated.

139
Q

what is a working environment

A

the quality of the physical workplace and its atmosphere (how people treat each other) etc.

140
Q

how does working environment motivate workers

A

makes workers feel well looked after and that their opinions are valued

141
Q

what is an advantage if a working environment

A

if workers feel values they will respect the business and their colleagues creating a positive attitude to work

142
Q

what is a disadvantage to a working environment

A

there is a cost to some of this e.g. improving facilities

143
Q

who is a working environment suitable for

A

most workers except for those who work in conditions where improvements to comfort are difficult

144
Q

what are the 4 advantages of motivated workers

A

high worker productivity
reduced levels of worker supervision
low worker absenteeism
improved quality

145
Q

what is high worker producivity

A

workers will produce more goods or improved services in the time they work. This will reduce the costs of production and the prices the business charges can e reduced so that sales and profits rise.

146
Q

what is reduced levels of worker supervision

A

workers will want to do their job well. This may reduce business costs as fewer supervisors need to be employed.

147
Q

what is low worker absenteeism

A

workers will be happy about coming into work and less likely to take a day off if they are only slightly unwell

148
Q

what is improved quality

A

workers will take pride in doing their work and will produce quality goods and services, knowing this will satisfy consumers and give the business a good name. There will be less waste which helps to reduce costs.

149
Q

what is labour turnover

A

a measure of the number or proportion of staff who leave an organisation each year and who therefore will be replaced.

150
Q

what is retention

A

when workers choose to stay employed in a business rather than leaving to work elsewhere

151
Q

what is motivation

A

how workers are encouraged to work well

152
Q

what does high employee retention mean

A

workers stay there for a long amount of time and there is a low labour turnover

153
Q

what does a low employee retention mean

A

that workers do not stay long and their is a high labour turnover

154
Q

what are the benefits of a worker staying a long amount of time

A

the business need to recruit less often - saves recruitment time and costs
training costs are lower - workers are already familiar
when they do want to recruit it is easier as they have a good reputation for workers treatment

155
Q

when do businesses not want to retain their workers

A

when they are only needed for a short time e.g. summer holidays

156
Q

what is training

A

short term instruction that focuses on helping a worker to do his or her job correctly

157
Q

what is induction training

A

training to introduce a new worker to an organisation, including how to do the job, how it fits within the operation of the business and an introduction to the others in the organisation.

158
Q

what is on the job training

A

occurs at the place of work and when the worker is doing his or her job

159
Q

what are the advantages of on the job training

A

it is specific to the individual needs of a business
it saves on cost to travel to a course
the worker produces something as she or he trains
the business ca teach the person exactly how they want the job done

160
Q

what are the disadvantages of on the job training

A

the work done as a learner starts to train may not be of good enough quality
the trainer may be good at their job but not at training
it isnt easy to train a group of trainees
the worker may learn only how to do the work in the way the business does it
the worker may not obtain qualification from the training

Business paper 1 (3 decks)

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